PMID- 24723897
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140624
LR  - 20220311
IS  - 1664-1078 (Print)
IS  - 1664-1078 (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-1078 (Linking)
VI  - 5
DP  - 2014
TI  - Irrelevant stimulus processing in ADHD: catecholamine dynamics and attentional 
      networks.
PG  - 183
LID - 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00183 [doi]
LID - 183
AB  - A cardinal symptom of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a 
      general distractibility where children and adults shift their attentional focus 
      to stimuli that are irrelevant to the ongoing behavior. This has been attributed 
      to a deficit in dopaminergic signaling in cortico-striatal networks that regulate 
      goal-directed behavior. Furthermore, recent imaging evidence points to an 
      impairment of large scale, antagonistic brain networks that normally contribute 
      to attentional engagement and disengagement, such as the task-positive networks 
      and the default mode network (DMN). Related networks are the ventral attentional 
      network (VAN) involved in attentional shifting, and the salience network (SN) 
      related to task expectancy. Here we discuss the tonic-phasic dynamics of 
      catecholaminergic signaling in the brain, and attempt to provide a link between 
      this and the activities of the large-scale cortical networks that regulate 
      behavior. More specifically, we propose that a disbalance of tonic catecholamine 
      levels during task performance produces an emphasis of phasic signaling and 
      increased excitability of the VAN, yielding distractibility symptoms. Likewise, 
      immaturity of the SN may relate to abnormal tonic signaling and an incapacity to 
      build up a proper executive system during task performance. We discuss different 
      lines of evidence including pharmacology, brain imaging and electrophysiology, 
      that are consistent with our proposal. Finally, restoring the pharmacodynamics of 
      catecholaminergic signaling seems crucial to alleviate ADHD symptoms; however, 
      the possibility is open to explore cognitive rehabilitation strategies to 
      top-down modulate network dynamics compensating the pharmacological deficits.
FAU - Aboitiz, Francisco
AU  - Aboitiz F
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, Centro Interdisciplinario de 
      Neurociencia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile Santiago, Chile.
FAU - Ossandon, Tomas
AU  - Ossandon T
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, Centro Interdisciplinario de 
      Neurociencia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile Santiago, Chile.
FAU - Zamorano, Francisco
AU  - Zamorano F
AD  - Division de Neurociencia, Centro de Investigacion en Complejidad Social, Facultad 
      de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo Santiago, Chile.
FAU - Palma, Barbara
AU  - Palma B
AD  - Programa de Doctorado en Psicoterapia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile 
      Santiago, Chile.
FAU - Carrasco, Ximena
AU  - Carrasco X
AD  - Servicio de Neurologia y Psiquiatria, Hospital de Ninos Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, 
      Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile.
LA  - eng
GR  - HIR 10-001/HX/HSRD VA/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20140326
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Psychol
JT  - Frontiers in psychology
JID - 101550902
PMC - PMC3972460
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - CNV
OT  - P300
OT  - attention
OT  - fMRI
OT  - ventral attentional network
EDAT- 2014/04/12 06:00
MHDA- 2014/04/12 06:01
PMCR- 2014/03/26
CRDT- 2014/04/12 06:00
PHST- 2013/06/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/02/14 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/04/12 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/04/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/04/12 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2014/03/26 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00183 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Psychol. 2014 Mar 26;5:183. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00183. eCollection 
      2014.