PMID- 24726403
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20141201
LR  - 20140520
IS  - 1872-7972 (Electronic)
IS  - 0304-3940 (Linking)
VI  - 570
DP  - 2014 Jun 6
TI  - Hippocampal vulnerability and subacute response following varied blast 
      magnitudes.
PG  - 33-7
LID - S0304-3940(14)00271-7 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.03.072 [doi]
AB  - Clinical outcomes from blast neurotrauma are associated with higher order 
      cognitive functions such as memory, problem solving skills and attention. Current 
      literature is limited to a single overpressure exposure or repeated exposures at 
      the same level of overpressure and is focused on the acute response (<3 days). In 
      an attempt to expand the understanding of neuropathological and molecular changes 
      of the subacute response (7 days post injury), we used an established rodent 
      model of blast neurotrauma. Three pressure magnitudes (low, moderate and high) 
      were used to evaluate molecular injury thresholds. Immunohistochemical analysis 
      demonstrated increased cleaved caspase-3 levels and loss of neuronal population 
      (NeuN+) within the hippocampus of all pressure groups. On the contrary, selective 
      activation of microglia was observed in the low blast group. In addition, 
      increased astrocytes (GFAP), membrane signal transduction protein (Map2k1) and 
      calcium regulator mechanosensitive protein (Piezo 2) were observed in the 
      moderate blast group. Results from gene expression analysis suggested ongoing 
      neuroprotection, as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial-derived 
      neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and Mn and CuZn superoxide dismutases (SOD) all 
      increased in the low and moderate blast groups. Ongoing neuroprotection was 
      further supported by increased SOD levels observed in the moderate group using 
      immunohistochemistry. The gene expression level of glutamate aspartate 
      transporter (GLAST) was upregulated in the low, but downregulated in the high 
      blast group, while no changes were found in the moderate group. Overall, the data 
      shown here provides evidence of a diverse neuroprotective and glial response to 
      various levels of blast exposure. This mechanistic role of neuroprotection is 
      vital in understanding ongoing cellular stress, both at the gene and protein 
      levels, in order to develop interventional studies for the prognosis of injury.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Sajja, Venkata Siva Sai Sujith
AU  - Sajja VS
AD  - School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic and State 
      University, Blacksburg, VA, USA. Electronic address: sujith.srm@gmail.com.
FAU - Ereifej, Evon S
AU  - Ereifej ES
AD  - School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic and State 
      University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
FAU - VandeVord, Pamela J
AU  - VandeVord PJ
AD  - School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic and State 
      University, Blacksburg, VA, USA; Salem VA Medical Center, Research & Development 
      Service, Salem, VA, USA. Electronic address: pvord@vt.edu.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20140412
PL  - Ireland
TA  - Neurosci Lett
JT  - Neuroscience letters
JID - 7600130
RN  - 0 (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-3)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Glutamate)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Blast Injuries/*metabolism
MH  - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism
MH  - Head Injuries, Closed/*metabolism
MH  - Hippocampus/*metabolism
MH  - Inflammation/metabolism
MH  - Interleukin-3/metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - Oxidative Stress
MH  - Pressure
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Receptors, Glutamate/metabolism
MH  - Signal Transduction
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Blast
OT  - Hippocampus
OT  - Magnitude
OT  - Oxidative stress
OT  - Piezo2
EDAT- 2014/04/15 06:00
MHDA- 2014/12/15 06:00
CRDT- 2014/04/15 06:00
PHST- 2014/01/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/03/27 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2014/03/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/04/15 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/04/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/12/15 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0304-3940(14)00271-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.03.072 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neurosci Lett. 2014 Jun 6;570:33-7. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.03.072. Epub 2014 
      Apr 12.