PMID- 24735058
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150330
LR  - 20221207
IS  - 1557-8593 (Electronic)
IS  - 1520-9156 (Print)
IS  - 1520-9156 (Linking)
VI  - 16
IP  - 7
DP  - 2014 Jul
TI  - Gender differences in composite control of cardiovascular risk factors among 
      patients with type 2 diabetes.
PG  - 421-7
LID - 10.1089/dia.2013.0329 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Disparities in outcomes for cardiovascular disease (CVD) exist between 
      men and women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We examined gender 
      differences in composite control of cardiovascular risk factors in a sample of 
      adults with T2DM. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 680 
      people recruited from three primary care settings. Primary outcomes were 
      individual and composite control of CVD risk factors. Control of individual risk 
      outcomes was defined as glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level of <7%, blood 
      pressure (BP) of <130/80 mm Hg, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol 
      level of <100 mg/dL. Composite control was defined as having all three outcomes 
      under control simultaneously. Linear and logistic regression models were used to 
      assess differences in individual means and individual and composite outcomes 
      control between men and women, while adjusting for relevant covariates. RESULTS: 
      Men made up 56% of the sample, approximately 67% were non-Hispanic black, and 78% 
      made less than $35,000 annually. Unadjusted mean systolic BP (134 mm Hg vs. 
      130 mm Hg, P=0.005) and LDL cholesterol (99.7 mg/dL vs. 87.6 mg/dL, P<0.001) 
      levels were significantly higher in women than in men. Adjusted linear regression 
      showed mean diastolic BP (beta=3.09; 95% confidence interval 0.56, 5.63) was 
      significantly higher in women. Overall, 12.4% of the sample had composite 
      control, and women had poorer composite control compared with men (5.9% vs. 
      17.3%). Adjusted logistic models showed that men were significantly more likely 
      to have composite risk factor control (odds ratio 2.90; 95% confidence interval 
      1.37, 6.13) compared with women. CONCLUSIONS: In this sample of adults with T2DM, 
      women had significantly lower composite control compared with men, when adjusting 
      for relevant confounders. It is imperative that women are informed about CVD risk 
      factors, educated on how to reduce them, and aggressively treated to avoid 
      adverse outcomes. Additional research involving women is needed to explore and 
      reduce disparities in CVD risk between men and women with T2DM.
FAU - Strom Williams, Joni L
AU  - Strom Williams JL
AD  - 1 Center for Health Disparities Research, Department of Medicine, Medical 
      University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina.
FAU - Lynch, Cheryl P
AU  - Lynch CP
FAU - Winchester, Rhonda
AU  - Winchester R
FAU - Thomas, Leslie
AU  - Thomas L
FAU - Keith, Brad
AU  - Keith B
FAU - Egede, Leonard E
AU  - Egede LE
LA  - eng
GR  - K24 DK093699/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - T35 DK007431/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - 5K08HS11418/HS/AHRQ HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Multicenter Study
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
DEP - 20140415
PL  - United States
TA  - Diabetes Technol Ther
JT  - Diabetes technology & therapeutics
JID - 100889084
RN  - 0 (Cholesterol, LDL)
RN  - 0 (Glycated Hemoglobin A)
RN  - 0 (hemoglobin A1c protein, human)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Blood Pressure
MH  - Cardiovascular Diseases/blood/*epidemiology/etiology
MH  - Cholesterol, LDL/*blood
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood/complications/*epidemiology
MH  - Diabetic Angiopathies/blood/*epidemiology/etiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Glycated Hemoglobin/*metabolism
MH  - *Health Status Disparities
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Odds Ratio
MH  - *Primary Health Care
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Sex Factors
MH  - United States/epidemiology
PMC - PMC4074756
EDAT- 2014/04/17 06:00
MHDA- 2015/03/31 06:00
PMCR- 2015/07/01
CRDT- 2014/04/17 06:00
PHST- 2014/04/17 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/04/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/03/31 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2015/07/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1089/dia.2013.0329 [pii]
AID - 10.1089/dia.2013.0329 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Diabetes Technol Ther. 2014 Jul;16(7):421-7. doi: 10.1089/dia.2013.0329. Epub 
      2014 Apr 15.