PMID- 24736028 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20150430 LR - 20141219 IS - 1879-1220 (Electronic) IS - 0960-0760 (Linking) VI - 146 DP - 2015 Feb TI - Estrogens are neuroprotective factors for hypertensive encephalopathy. PG - 15-25 LID - S0960-0760(14)00087-9 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.04.001 [doi] AB - Estrogens are neuroprotective factors for brain diseases, including hypertensive encephalopathy. In particular, the hippocampus is highly damaged by high blood pressure, with several hippocampus functions being altered in humans and animal models of hypertension. Working with a genetic model of primary hypertension, the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), we have shown that SHR present decreased dentate gyrus neurogenesis, astrogliosis, low expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), decreased number of neurons in the hilus of the dentate gyrus, increased basal levels of the estrogen-synthesizing enzyme aromatase, and atrophic dendritic arbor with low spine density in the CA1 region compared to normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) ratsl. Changes also occur in the hypothalamus of SHR, with increased expression of the hypertensinogenic peptide arginine vasopressin (AVP) and its V1b receptor. Following chronic estradiol treatment, SHR show decreased blood pressure, enhanced hippocampus neurogenesis, decreased the reactive astrogliosis, increased BDNF mRNA and protein expression in the dentate gyrus, increased neuronal number in the hilus of the dentate gyrus, further increased the hyperexpression of aromatase and replaced spine number with remodeling of the dendritic arbor of the CA1 region. We have detected by qPCR the estradiol receptors ERalpha and ERbeta in hippocampus from both SHR and WKY rats, suggesting direct effects of estradiol on brain cells. We hypothesize that a combination of exogenously given estrogens plus those locally synthesized by estradiol-stimulated aromatase may better alleviate the hippocampal and hypothalamic encephalopathy of SHR. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Sex steroids and brain disorders". CI - Copyright (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Pietranera, Luciana AU - Pietranera L AD - Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental, Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Human Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, 1425 Buenos Aires, Argentina. FAU - Brocca, Maria Elvira AU - Brocca ME AD - Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental, Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina. FAU - Roig, Paulina AU - Roig P AD - Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental, Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina. FAU - Lima, Analia AU - Lima A AD - Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental, Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina. FAU - Garcia-Segura, Luis Miguel AU - Garcia-Segura LM AD - Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Avenida Doctor Arce 37, E-28002 Madrid, Spain. FAU - De Nicola, Alejandro F AU - De Nicola AF AD - Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental, Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Human Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, 1425 Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address: alejandrodenicola@gmail.com. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review DEP - 20140413 PL - England TA - J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol JT - The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology JID - 9015483 RN - 0 (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor) RN - 0 (Estrogen Receptor alpha) RN - 0 (Estrogen Receptor beta) RN - 0 (Estrogens) RN - 0 (Neuroprotective Agents) RN - 4TI98Z838E (Estradiol) RN - EC 1.14.14.1 (Aromatase) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Aromatase/metabolism MH - Blood Pressure/drug effects MH - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism MH - Dendrites/drug effects/metabolism MH - Estradiol/metabolism/*pharmacology MH - Estrogen Receptor alpha MH - Estrogen Receptor beta MH - Estrogens/*physiology MH - Hippocampus/*drug effects/*metabolism MH - Humans MH - Hypertensive Encephalopathy/*metabolism MH - Neuroprotective Agents/*pharmacology MH - Rats, Inbred SHR MH - Rats, Inbred WKY OTO - NOTNLM OT - Dendrites OT - Estradiol OT - Hypertensive rats OT - Neurogenesis, Astrogliosis, Growth factor OT - Neuroprotection OT - Spinogenesis OT - Vasopressin EDAT- 2014/04/17 06:00 MHDA- 2015/05/01 06:00 CRDT- 2014/04/17 06:00 PHST- 2014/02/12 00:00 [received] PHST- 2014/04/04 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2014/04/07 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/04/17 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/04/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/05/01 06:00 [medline] AID - S0960-0760(14)00087-9 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.04.001 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2015 Feb;146:15-25. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.04.001. Epub 2014 Apr 13.