PMID- 24747659
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150811
LR  - 20240321
IS  - 1872-7549 (Electronic)
IS  - 0166-4328 (Print)
IS  - 0166-4328 (Linking)
VI  - 276
DP  - 2015 Jan 1
TI  - Sign-tracking to an appetitive cue predicts incubation of conditioned fear in 
      rats.
PG  - 59-66
LID - S0166-4328(14)00220-4 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.04.002 [doi]
AB  - Although post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and addiction are very different 
      disorders, both are characterized by hyperreactivity to trauma- or drug-related 
      cues, respectively. We investigated whether an appetitive conditioning task, 
      Pavlovian conditioned approach, which predicts vulnerability to reinstatement of 
      cocaine-seeking, also predicts fear incubation, which may be a marker for 
      vulnerability to PTSD. We classified rats based on whether they learned to 
      approach and interact with a food predictive cue (sign-trackers), or, whether 
      upon cue presentation they went to the location of impending food delivery 
      (goal-trackers). Rats were then exposed to extensive Pavlovian tone-shock 
      pairings, which causes the fear response to increase or "incubate" over time. We 
      found that the fear incubation effect was only present in sign-trackers. The 
      behavior of goal-trackers was more consistent with a normal fear response-it was 
      most robust immediately after training and decayed slowly over time. 
      Sign-trackers also had lower levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) 
      protein in the prefrontal cortex than goal-trackers. These results indicate that, 
      while many factors likely contribute to the disproportionate co-occurrence of 
      PTSD and substance abuse, one such factor may be a core psychological trait that 
      biases some individuals to attribute excessive motivational significance to 
      predictive cues, regardless of the emotional valence of those cues. High levels 
      of BDNF in the prefrontal cortex may be protective against developing excessive 
      emotional and motivational responses to salient cues.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Morrow, Jonathan D
AU  - Morrow JD
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Road SPC 5767, 
      Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2700, United States; Neuroscience Graduate Program, 
      University of Michigan, 4137 Undergraduate Science Building (USB), 204 Washtenaw 
      Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2215, United States. Electronic address: 
      jonmorro@umich.edu.
FAU - Saunders, Benjamin T
AU  - Saunders BT
AD  - Department of Psychology, Biopsychology Program, University of Michigan, East 
      Hall, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1043, United States. Electronic 
      address: Benjamin.Saunders@ucsf.edu.
FAU - Maren, Stephen
AU  - Maren S
AD  - Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, 4137 Undergraduate Science 
      Building (USB), 204 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2215, United States; 
      Department of Psychology, Biopsychology Program, University of Michigan, East 
      Hall, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1043, United States. Electronic 
      address: maren@tamu.edu.
FAU - Robinson, Terry E
AU  - Robinson TE
AD  - Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, 4137 Undergraduate Science 
      Building (USB), 204 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2215, United States; 
      Department of Psychology, Biopsychology Program, University of Michigan, East 
      Hall, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1043, United States. Electronic 
      address: ter@umich.edu.
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 MH065961/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R37 DA004294/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P01DA031656/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R37 DA04294/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
DEP - 20140418
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Behav Brain Res
JT  - Behavioural brain research
JID - 8004872
RN  - 0 (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Appetitive Behavior
MH  - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/*metabolism
MH  - Conditioning, Classical/*physiology
MH  - Conditioning, Operant/physiology
MH  - *Cues
MH  - Fear/*physiology/psychology
MH  - Inhibition, Psychological
MH  - Male
MH  - Prefrontal Cortex/metabolism
MH  - Rats
MH  - Reward
PMC - PMC4201891
MID - NIHMS591953
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Addiction
OT  - Autoshaping
OT  - Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
OT  - Individual differences
OT  - Post-traumatic stress disorder
OT  - Vulnerability
EDAT- 2014/04/22 06:00
MHDA- 2015/08/12 06:00
PMCR- 2016/01/01
CRDT- 2014/04/22 06:00
PHST- 2014/01/31 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/03/29 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2014/04/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/04/22 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/04/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/08/12 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2016/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0166-4328(14)00220-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.04.002 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Behav Brain Res. 2015 Jan 1;276:59-66. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.04.002. Epub 2014 
      Apr 18.