PMID- 24755094 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20150522 LR - 20231110 IS - 1095-9564 (Electronic) IS - 1074-7427 (Print) IS - 1074-7427 (Linking) VI - 114 DP - 2014 Oct TI - Exercise reduces diet-induced cognitive decline and increases hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor in CA3 neurons. PG - 40-50 LID - S1074-7427(14)00067-7 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.nlm.2014.04.006 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that a western diet impairs, whereas physical exercise enhances hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. Both diet and exercise influence expression of hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is associated with improved cognition. We hypothesized that exercise reverses diet-induced cognitive decline while increasing hippocampal BDNF. METHODS: To test the effects of exercise on hippocampal-dependent memory, we compared cognitive scores of Sprague-Dawley rats exercised by voluntary running wheel (RW) access or forced treadmill (TM) to sedentary (Sed) animals. Memory was tested by two-way active avoidance test (TWAA), in which animals are exposed to a brief shock in a specific chamber area. When an animal avoids, escapes or has reduced latency to do either, this is considered a measure of memory. In a second experiment, rats were fed either a high-fat diet or control diet for 16 weeks, then randomly assigned to running wheel access or sedentary condition, and TWAA memory was tested once a week for 7 weeks of exercise intervention. RESULTS: Both groups of exercised animals had improved memory as indicated by reduced latency to avoid and escape shock, and increased avoid and escape episodes (p<0.05). Exposure to a high-fat diet resulted in poor performance during both the acquisition and retrieval phases of the memory test as compared to controls. Exercise reversed high-fat diet-induced memory impairment, and increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in neurons of the hippocampal CA3 region. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that exercise improves memory retrieval, particularly with respect to avoiding aversive stimuli, and may be beneficial in protecting against diet induced cognitive decline, likely via elevated BDNF in neurons of the CA3 region. CI - Published by Elsevier Inc. FAU - Noble, Emily E AU - Noble EE AD - Minnesota Obesity Center, 1334 Eckles Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA. FAU - Mavanji, Vijayakumar AU - Mavanji V AD - Veterans Affairs Medical Center, One Veterans Drive, Research Route 151, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA; Minnesota Obesity Center, 1334 Eckles Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA. FAU - Little, Morgan R AU - Little MR AD - Minnesota Obesity Center, 1334 Eckles Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA. FAU - Billington, Charles J AU - Billington CJ AD - Veterans Affairs Medical Center, One Veterans Drive, Research Route 151, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA; Minnesota Obesity Center, 1334 Eckles Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 554553, USA. FAU - Kotz, Catherine M AU - Kotz CM AD - Veterans Affairs Medical Center, One Veterans Drive, Research Route 151, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA; Minnesota Obesity Center, 1334 Eckles Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. FAU - Wang, ChuanFeng AU - Wang C AD - Veterans Affairs Medical Center, One Veterans Drive, Research Route 151, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA; Minnesota Obesity Center, 1334 Eckles Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA. Electronic address: cwang@umn.edu. LA - eng GR - R01 DK080782/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States GR - T32 DK083250/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States GR - T32DK083250/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. DEP - 20140419 PL - United States TA - Neurobiol Learn Mem JT - Neurobiology of learning and memory JID - 9508166 RN - 0 (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Avoidance Learning/physiology MH - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/*metabolism MH - CA3 Region, Hippocampal/metabolism/*physiology MH - Cognition/physiology MH - Cognition Disorders/etiology/metabolism/*prevention & control MH - Diet/*adverse effects MH - Male MH - Neurons/*metabolism MH - Physical Conditioning, Animal/*physiology MH - Rats MH - Rats, Sprague-Dawley PMC - PMC4143428 MID - NIHMS588394 OTO - NOTNLM OT - BDNF OT - High-fat diet OT - Hippocampus OT - Memory OT - Running wheel OT - Treadmill OT - Two-way active avoidance EDAT- 2014/04/24 06:00 MHDA- 2015/05/23 06:00 PMCR- 2015/10/01 CRDT- 2014/04/24 06:00 PHST- 2013/10/22 00:00 [received] PHST- 2014/04/01 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2014/04/07 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/04/24 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/04/24 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/05/23 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2015/10/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S1074-7427(14)00067-7 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.nlm.2014.04.006 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2014 Oct;114:40-50. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2014.04.006. Epub 2014 Apr 19.