PMID- 24767146
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150421
LR  - 20140428
IS  - 1873-4324 (Electronic)
IS  - 0003-2670 (Linking)
VI  - 825
DP  - 2014 May 12
TI  - Silicon nanowires as field-effect transducers for biosensor development: a 
      review.
PG  - 1-25
LID - S0003-2670(14)00319-5 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.aca.2014.03.016 [doi]
AB  - The unique electronic properties and miniaturized dimensions of silicon nanowires 
      (SiNWs) are attractive for label-free, real-time and sensitive detection of 
      biomolecules. Sensors based on SiNWs operate as field effect transistors (FETs) 
      and can be fabricated either by top-down or bottom-up approaches. Advances in 
      fabrication methods have allowed for the control of physicochemical and 
      electronic properties of SiNWs, providing opportunity for interfacing of SiNW-FET 
      probes with intracellular environments. The Debye screening length is an 
      important consideration that determines the performance and detection limits of 
      SiNW-FET sensors, especially at physiologically relevant conditions of ionic 
      strength (>100mM). In this review, we discuss the construction and application of 
      SiNW-FET sensors for detection of ions, nucleic acids and protein markers. 
      Advantages and disadvantages of the top-down and bottom-up approaches for 
      synthesis of SiNWs are discussed. An overview of various methods for surface 
      functionalization of SiNWs for immobilization of selective chemistry is provided 
      in the context of impact on the analytical performance of SiNW-FET sensors. In 
      addition to in vitro examples, an overview of the progress of use of SiNW-FET 
      sensors for ex vivo studies is also presented. This review concludes with a 
      discussion of the future prospects of SiNW-FET sensors.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Noor, M Omair
AU  - Noor MO
AD  - Chemical Sensors Group, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University 
      of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, 
      Canada.
FAU - Krull, Ulrich J
AU  - Krull UJ
AD  - Chemical Sensors Group, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University 
      of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, 
      Canada. Electronic address: ulrich.krull@utoronto.ca.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20140315
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Anal Chim Acta
JT  - Analytica chimica acta
JID - 0370534
RN  - Z4152N8IUI (Silicon)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biosensing Techniques/instrumentation/*methods
MH  - Humans
MH  - Nanowires/*chemistry
MH  - Silicon/*chemistry
MH  - Surface Properties
MH  - *Transducers
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Debye length
OT  - Field effect transistors
OT  - Gating
OT  - Silicon nanowires
OT  - Surface functionalization
EDAT- 2014/04/29 06:00
MHDA- 2015/04/22 06:00
CRDT- 2014/04/29 06:00
PHST- 2013/12/31 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/03/11 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2014/03/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/04/29 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/04/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/04/22 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0003-2670(14)00319-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.aca.2014.03.016 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Anal Chim Acta. 2014 May 12;825:1-25. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.03.016. Epub 2014 
      Mar 15.