PMID- 24769704
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150121
LR  - 20140428
IS  - 1537-5293 (Electronic)
IS  - 1522-2152 (Linking)
VI  - 87
IP  - 3
DP  - 2014 May-Jun
TI  - The hormonal regulation of color changes in the sexually dichromatic frog 
      Buergeria robusta.
PG  - 397-410
LID - 10.1086/675678 [doi]
AB  - During the breeding season, dynamic changes in body coloration are regularly 
      observed in the male brown tree frog Buergeria robusta. This study investigated 
      the hypothesis that this sexual dichromatism in male B. robusta is mediated 
      through hormonal regulation. Frogs were exogenously injected with testosterone 
      (T) or estradiol (E2). This manipulation revealed that the body coloration (hue, 
      brightness, and saturation) of the male frog increased significantly (i.e., the 
      brilliant yellow color developed) in response to T but not in response to E2. 
      Concurrently, the levels of expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor 
      (BDNF) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) in the 
      pituitary gland were reduced in frogs whose coloration was pale brown on a yellow 
      background. In particular, the weakest expressions of BDNF, PACAP, and PACAP type 
      II receptors (VPAC-1R) were found in male frogs with a brilliant yellow body 
      color during the breeding season regardless of background color. These changes 
      may decrease alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone production associated with the 
      PACAP receptors (VPAC-1R), resulting in the aggregation of black pigment in 
      melanophores and the production of a brilliant yellow body color. The effects of 
      hormones on skin coloration were further examined in isolated skin in vitro. The 
      results of this investigation showed that the dispersion of xanthophores was 
      stimulated by T or prolactin (PRL) and that the melanophores were aggregated by 
      melatonin (MEL) but not by E2. Furthermore, yellow pigments in the xanthophores 
      were significantly dispersed following the PRL+T treatment. In the T+MEL, 
      PRL+MEL, and T+PRL+MEL treatments, xanthophores were dispersed, and melanophores 
      were aggregated and subsequently moved to the low spongiosum layer of the dorsal 
      skin, causing the increase in yellow coloration. These results reveal that 
      multiple hormones play major roles in the regulation of the brilliant yellow 
      coloration of male B. robusta by high plasma T during the breeding season.
FAU - Tang, Zih-Jing
AU  - Tang ZJ
AD  - Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa 
      University, Hualien 974, Taiwan; 2Department of Physiology, Kaohsiung Medical 
      University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; 3Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Neurological 
      Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; 4Department of 
      Molecular Biotechnology, Da-Yeh University, Chang-Hua 515, Taiwan.
FAU - Lue, Sheng-I
AU  - Lue SI
FAU - Tsai, May-Jywan
AU  - Tsai MJ
FAU - Yu, Teng-Lang
AU  - Yu TL
FAU - Thiyagarajan, Varadharajan
AU  - Thiyagarajan V
FAU - Lee, Chia-Hun
AU  - Lee CH
FAU - Huang, Wei-Tung
AU  - Huang WT
FAU - Weng, Ching-Feng
AU  - Weng CF
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20140414
PL  - United States
TA  - Physiol Biochem Zool
JT  - Physiological and biochemical zoology : PBZ
JID - 100883369
RN  - 0 (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor)
RN  - 0 (Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide)
RN  - 3XMK78S47O (Testosterone)
RN  - 4TI98Z838E (Estradiol)
RN  - 9002-79-3 (Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones)
RN  - JL5DK93RCL (Melatonin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anura/*metabolism
MH  - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism
MH  - Estradiol/metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones/metabolism
MH  - Melatonin/*pharmacology
MH  - Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide/metabolism
MH  - Pituitary Gland/metabolism
MH  - Skin/metabolism
MH  - Skin Pigmentation/*physiology
MH  - Testosterone/metabolism
EDAT- 2014/04/29 06:00
MHDA- 2015/01/22 06:00
CRDT- 2014/04/29 06:00
PHST- 2014/04/29 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/04/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/01/22 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1086/675678 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Physiol Biochem Zool. 2014 May-Jun;87(3):397-410. doi: 10.1086/675678. Epub 2014 
      Apr 14.