PMID- 24776714
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20180216
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1557-1246 (Electronic)
IS  - 1087-0547 (Print)
IS  - 1087-0547 (Linking)
VI  - 21
IP  - 9
DP  - 2017 Jul
TI  - ADHD, Conduct Disorder, Substance Use Disorder, and Nonprescription Stimulant 
      Use.
PG  - 776-782
LID - 10.1177/1087054714528535 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the relationship of an ADHD diagnosis by adolescence 
      to nonprescription stimulant use in adulthood is direct or indirect, via Conduct 
      Disorder (CD) and/or Substance Use Disorder (SUD). METHOD: Data were obtained 
      from multiple waves of interviews and questionnaires completed by 551 
      community-based participants when they were between the mean ages of 14.1 and 
      36.6 years. RESULTS: The results of the structural equation model (SEM) supported 
      both a direct association between early ADHD and later nonprescription stimulant 
      use ( B = .18, z = 2.74) and the relationship from ADHD to later nonprescription 
      stimulant use ( B = .01, z = 1.72) via CD and SUD. CONCLUSION: The longitudinal 
      data supporting these paths suggest that efforts to prevent and treat the misuse 
      of nonprescription stimulants may be more effective if attention is paid to those 
      with a history of ADHD, as well as to those who also had CD and SUD.
FAU - Brook, Judith S
AU  - Brook JS
AD  - 1 New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
FAU - Balka, Elinor B
AU  - Balka EB
AD  - 1 New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
FAU - Zhang, Chenshu
AU  - Zhang C
AD  - 1 New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
FAU - Brook, David W
AU  - Brook DW
AD  - 1 New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 DA003188/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20140428
PL  - United States
TA  - J Atten Disord
JT  - Journal of attention disorders
JID - 9615686
RN  - 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants)
RN  - 0 (Nonprescription Drugs)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/*diagnosis/epidemiology
MH  - Central Nervous System Stimulants/*therapeutic use
MH  - Conduct Disorder/*epidemiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Longitudinal Studies
MH  - Male
MH  - New York/epidemiology
MH  - Nonprescription Drugs/*therapeutic use
MH  - Substance-Related Disorders/*epidemiology
MH  - Surveys and Questionnaires
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC4212001
MID - NIHMS572267
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - ADHD
OT  - CD
OT  - SUD
OT  - nonprescription stimulants
COIS- Declaration of Conflicting Interests The authors declared no potential conflicts 
      of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this 
      article.
EDAT- 2014/04/30 06:00
MHDA- 2018/02/17 06:00
PMCR- 2017/07/01
CRDT- 2014/04/30 06:00
PHST- 2014/04/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2018/02/17 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2014/04/30 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2017/07/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 1087054714528535 [pii]
AID - 10.1177/1087054714528535 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Atten Disord. 2017 Jul;21(9):776-782. doi: 10.1177/1087054714528535. Epub 2014 
      Apr 28.