PMID- 24781779
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20141117
LR  - 20220316
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 4
DP  - 2014
TI  - Cross-sectional study of the association between a deepening of the upper eyelid 
      sulcus-like appearance and wide-open eyes.
PG  - e96249
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0096249 [doi]
LID - e96249
AB  - BACKGROUND: Deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus (DUES) is a common complication 
      of prostaglandin F2alpha analog treatment, which causes cosmetic problems. However, 
      identifying this condition using photographs is difficult due to such problems as 
      the camera flash effects, blepharoptosis or wide-open eyes. PURPOSE: We 
      investigated the association between a DUES-like appearance and wide-open eyes 
      regarding the presence of wide-open eyes as a cause for overestimating the 
      incidence of DUES. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One eye and the forehead in 100 subjects 
      (31 younger subjects, 30 older subjects and 39 patients with blepharoptosis) were 
      evaluated in the present study. Digital photographs of the subjects with natural 
      open and wide-open eyes were taken with a flash. Five signs (a puffy eyelid, the 
      presence/absence of the upper eyelid sulcus (UES), wrinkles on the forehead with 
      natural open eyes and an increase in the number of wrinkles on the forehead and a 
      DUES-like appearance with wide-open eyes) were judged to be negative or positive 
      by three independent observers. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression 
      analyses were performed to determine the independent predictor(s) of a DUES-like 
      appearance with wide-open eyes. RESULTS: Fourteen subjects (four young, three old 
      and seven subjects with blepharoptosis) were judged to have a DUES-like 
      appearance with wide-open eyes (14%). The only predictive factor was the presence 
      of UES in the patients with natural open eyes (odds ratio = 17.244, 95% 
      confidence interval: 3.447-86.270, P<0.001). Among the 12 UES-positive subjects, 
      six (50%) exhibited a DUES-like appearance with wide-open eyes. CONCLUSIONS: The 
      presence of wide-open eyes can thus cause a DUES-like appearance. Blepharoptosis 
      itself is not a predictive factor; however, care should be taken not to 
      overestimate the incidence of DUES, especially in patients with UES with natural 
      open eyes, as a DUES-like appearance can be caused by wide-open eyes, even in 
      treatment-naive patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: UMIN000010500.
FAU - Nakakura, Shunsuke
AU  - Nakakura S
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Saneikai Tsukazaki Hospital, Himeji, Japan.
FAU - Terao, Etsuko
AU  - Terao E
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Saneikai Tsukazaki Hospital, Himeji, Japan.
FAU - Nagatomi, Nozomi
AU  - Nagatomi N
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Saneikai Tsukazaki Hospital, Himeji, Japan.
FAU - Matsuo, Naoko
AU  - Matsuo N
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Saneikai Tsukazaki Hospital, Himeji, Japan.
FAU - Shimizu, Yoshie
AU  - Shimizu Y
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Saneikai Tsukazaki Hospital, Himeji, Japan.
FAU - Tabuchi, Hitoshi
AU  - Tabuchi H
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Saneikai Tsukazaki Hospital, Himeji, Japan.
FAU - Kiuchi, Yoshiaki
AU  - Kiuchi Y
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical 
      Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20140429
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (Prostaglandins F, Synthetic)
RN  - B7IN85G1HY (Dinoprost)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - Blepharoptosis/*pathology
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Dinoprost/analogs & derivatives
MH  - Eyelids/drug effects/*pathology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Multivariate Analysis
MH  - Prostaglandins F, Synthetic/adverse effects
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC4004547
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2014/05/02 06:00
MHDA- 2014/11/18 06:00
PMCR- 2014/04/29
CRDT- 2014/05/01 06:00
PHST- 2013/09/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/04/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/05/01 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/05/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/11/18 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2014/04/29 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-13-38353 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0096249 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2014 Apr 29;9(4):e96249. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096249. eCollection 
      2014.