PMID- 24786364
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150522
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1557-9042 (Electronic)
IS  - 0897-7151 (Print)
IS  - 0897-7151 (Linking)
VI  - 31
IP  - 18
DP  - 2014 Sep 15
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in naturally occurring 
      canine spinal cord injury.
PG  - 1561-9
LID - 10.1089/neu.2014.3405 [doi]
AB  - Canine intervertebral disk herniation (IVDH) is a common, naturally occurring 
      form of spinal cord injury (SCI) that is increasingly being used in pre-clinical 
      evaluation of therapies. Although IVDH bears critical similarities to human SCI 
      with respect to lesion morphology, imaging features, and post-SCI treatment, 
      limited data are available concerning secondary injury mechanisms. Here, we 
      characterized cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokines, and chemokines in dogs with 
      acute, surgically treated, thoracolumbar IVDH (n=39) and healthy control dogs 
      (n=21) to investigate early inflammatory events after SCI. A bioplex system was 
      used to measure interleukin (IL)-2, -6, -7, -8, -10, -15, and -18, granulocyte 
      macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), 
      keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC)-like protein, IFN-gamma-inducible protein-10, 
      monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Cytokine 
      and chemokine concentrations in the CSF of healthy and SCI dogs were compared 
      and, in SCI dogs, were correlated to the duration of SCI, behavioral measures of 
      injury severity at the time of sampling, and neurological outcome 42 days 
      post-SCI as determined by a validated ordinal score. IL-8 concentration was 
      significantly higher in SCI cases than healthy controls (p=0.0013) and was 
      negatively correlated with the duration of SCI (p=0.042). CSF MCP-1 and KC-like 
      protein were positively correlated with CSF microprotein concentration in dogs 
      with SCI (p<0.0001 and p=0.004). CSF MCP-1 concentration was negatively 
      associated with 42-day postinjury outcome (p<0.0001). Taken together, these data 
      indicate that cytokines and chemokines present after SCI in humans and rodent 
      models are associated with SCI pathogenesis in canine IVDH.
FAU - Taylor, Amanda R
AU  - Taylor AR
AD  - 1 Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine 
      and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas.
FAU - Welsh, C Jane
AU  - Welsh CJ
FAU - Young, Colin
AU  - Young C
FAU - Spoor, Erich
AU  - Spoor E
FAU - Kerwin, Sharon C
AU  - Kerwin SC
FAU - Griffin, John F
AU  - Griffin JF
FAU - Levine, Gwendolyn J
AU  - Levine GJ
FAU - Cohen, Noah D
AU  - Cohen ND
FAU - Levine, Jonathan M
AU  - Levine JM
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20140708
PL  - United States
TA  - J Neurotrauma
JT  - Journal of neurotrauma
JID - 8811626
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cytokines/cerebrospinal fluid/*immunology
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Dogs
MH  - Female
MH  - Inflammation/cerebrospinal fluid/*immunology
MH  - Injury Severity Score
MH  - Intervertebral Disc Displacement/*cerebrospinal fluid
MH  - Lumbar Vertebrae/pathology
MH  - Male
MH  - Spinal Cord Injuries/cerebrospinal fluid/*immunology
MH  - Thoracic Vertebrae/pathology
PMC - PMC4161168
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - inflammation
OT  - models of injury
OT  - neural injury
EDAT- 2014/05/03 06:00
MHDA- 2015/05/23 06:00
PMCR- 2015/09/15
CRDT- 2014/05/03 06:00
PHST- 2014/05/03 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/05/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/05/23 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2015/09/15 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1089/neu.2014.3405 [pii]
AID - 10.1089/neu.2014.3405 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Neurotrauma. 2014 Sep 15;31(18):1561-9. doi: 10.1089/neu.2014.3405. Epub 2014 
      Jul 8.