PMID- 24792345
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20141231
LR  - 20220330
IS  - 1473-6551 (Electronic)
IS  - 1350-7540 (Print)
IS  - 1350-7540 (Linking)
VI  - 27
IP  - 3
DP  - 2014 Jun
TI  - Autoimmune encephalitis as differential diagnosis of infectious encephalitis.
PG  - 361-8
LID - 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000087 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review describes the main types of autoimmune 
      encephalitis with special emphasis on those associated with antibodies against 
      neuronal cell surface or synaptic proteins, and the differential diagnosis with 
      infectious encephalitis. RECENT FINDINGS: There is a continuous expansion of the 
      number of cell surface or synaptic proteins that are targets of autoimmunity. The 
      most recently identified include the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5), 
      dipeptidyl-peptidase-like protein-6 (DPPX), and gamma-aminobutyric acid-A receptor 
      (GABAAR). In these and previously known types of autoimmune encephalitis 
      [N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), 
      alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR), 
      gamma-aminobutyric acid-B receptor (GABABR), leucine-rich glioma inactivated protein 
      1 (LGI1), contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2)], the prodromal symptoms 
      or types of presentations often suggest a viral encephalitis. We review here 
      clues that help in the differential diagnosis with infectious encephalitis. 
      Moreover, recent investigations indicate that viral encephalitis (e.g., herpes 
      simplex) can trigger synaptic autoimmunity. In all these disorders, immunotherapy 
      is usually effective. SUMMARY: Autoimmune encephalitis comprises an expanding 
      group of potentially treatable disorders that should be included in the 
      differential diagnosis of any type of encephalitis. VIDEO ABSTRACT: 
      http://links.lww.com/CONR/A25,
FAU - Armangue, Thais
AU  - Armangue T
AD  - aAugust Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Service of 
      Neurology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona bCatalan Institution for 
      Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain cDepartment of Neurology, 
      University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
FAU - Leypoldt, Frank
AU  - Leypoldt F
FAU - Dalmau, Josep
AU  - Dalmau J
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 MH094741/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 NS077851/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - MH094741/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01NS077851/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
PL  - England
TA  - Curr Opin Neurol
JT  - Current opinion in neurology
JID - 9319162
RN  - 0 (Autoantibodies)
RN  - 0 (CNTNAP2 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (GRM5 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins)
RN  - 0 (LGI1 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Membrane Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Nerve Tissue Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Potassium Channels)
RN  - 0 (Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, GABA-A)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Glutamate)
RN  - 0 (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid subtype glutamate 
      receptor, human)
RN  - EC 3.4.- (DPP6 protein, human)
RN  - EC 3.4.14.- (Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases)
RN  - Hashimoto's encephalitis
SB  - IM
MH  - Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis/*diagnosis/immunology
MH  - Autoantibodies/immunology
MH  - Brain/*pathology
MH  - Brain Diseases/*diagnosis/immunology
MH  - Diagnosis, Differential
MH  - Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases/immunology
MH  - Encephalitis/*diagnosis/immunology
MH  - Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex/diagnosis/immunology
MH  - Hashimoto Disease/*diagnosis/immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MH  - Membrane Proteins/immunology
MH  - Nerve Tissue Proteins/immunology
MH  - Potassium Channels/immunology
MH  - Proteins/immunology
MH  - Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5/immunology
MH  - Receptors, GABA-A/immunology
MH  - Receptors, Glutamate/immunology
MH  - Tuberculosis, Central Nervous System/*diagnosis/immunology
PMC - PMC4132825
MID - NIHMS611045
COIS- Conflict of interest: Dr. Dalmau hold patents for the use of Ma2 and NMDAR as 
      autoantibody tests, and has filed patents for the use of GABA(A)R and GABA(B)R as 
      diagnostic tests.
EDAT- 2014/05/06 06:00
MHDA- 2015/01/01 06:00
PMCR- 2015/06/01
CRDT- 2014/05/06 06:00
PHST- 2014/05/06 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/05/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/01/01 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2015/06/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 00019052-201406000-00017 [pii]
AID - 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000087 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Curr Opin Neurol. 2014 Jun;27(3):361-8. doi: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000087.