PMID- 24810329
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160222
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1438-2199 (Electronic)
IS  - 0939-4451 (Print)
IS  - 0939-4451 (Linking)
VI  - 46
IP  - 8
DP  - 2014 Aug
TI  - Effects of L-glutamine supplementation on maternal and fetal hemodynamics in 
      gestating ewes exposed to alcohol.
PG  - 1981-96
LID - 10.1007/s00726-014-1751-x [doi]
AB  - Not much is known about effects of gestational alcohol exposure on maternal and 
      fetal cardiovascular adaptations. This study determined whether maternal binge 
      alcohol exposure and L-glutamine supplementation could affect maternal-fetal 
      hemodynamics and fetal regional brain blood flow during the brain growth spurt 
      period. Pregnant sheep were randomly assigned to one of four groups: saline 
      control, alcohol (1.75-2.5 g/kg body weight), glutamine (100 mg/kg body weight) 
      or alcohol + glutamine. A chronic weekend binge drinking paradigm between 
      gestational days (GD) 99 and 115 was utilized. Fetuses were surgically 
      instrumented on GD 117 +/- 1 and studied on GD 120 +/- 1. Binge alcohol exposure 
      caused maternal acidemia, hypercapnea, and hypoxemia. Fetuses were acidemic and 
      hypercapnic, but not hypoxemic. Alcohol exposure increased fetal mean arterial 
      pressure, whereas fetal heart rate was unaltered. Alcohol exposure resulted in 
      ~40 % reduction in maternal uterine artery blood flow. Labeled microsphere 
      analyses showed that alcohol induced >2-fold increases in fetal whole brain blood 
      flow. The elevation in fetal brain blood flow was region-specific, particularly 
      affecting the developing cerebellum, brain stem, and olfactory bulb. Maternal 
      L-glutamine supplementation attenuated alcohol-induced maternal hypercapnea, 
      fetal acidemia and increases in fetal brain blood flow. L-Glutamine 
      supplementation did not affect uterine blood flow. Collectively, alcohol exposure 
      alters maternal and fetal acid-base balance, decreases uterine blood flow, and 
      alters fetal regional brain blood flow. Importantly, L-glutamine supplementation 
      mitigates alcohol-induced acid-base imbalances and alterations in fetal regional 
      brain blood flow. Further studies are warranted to elucidate mechanisms 
      responsible for alcohol-induced programming of maternal uterine artery and fetal 
      circulation adaptations in pregnancy.
FAU - Sawant, Onkar B
AU  - Sawant OB
AD  - Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology and Michael E. DeBakey 
      Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, 4466 Texas A&M 
      University, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA.
FAU - Ramadoss, Jayanth
AU  - Ramadoss J
FAU - Hankins, Gary D
AU  - Hankins GD
FAU - Wu, Guoyao
AU  - Wu G
FAU - Washburn, Shannon E
AU  - Washburn SE
LA  - eng
GR  - R00 AA019446/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 AA010940/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - K99 AA019446/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - K08 AA018166/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - AA18166-2/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - AA19446/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - AA010940/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
DEP - 20140509
PL  - Austria
TA  - Amino Acids
JT  - Amino acids
JID - 9200312
RN  - 0RH81L854J (Glutamine)
RN  - 3K9958V90M (Ethanol)
SB  - IM
MH  - Alcohol Drinking/*adverse effects
MH  - Alcoholic Beverages/adverse effects
MH  - Animals
MH  - Binge Drinking
MH  - Blood Pressure/drug effects
MH  - Brain/blood supply
MH  - Dietary Supplements
MH  - Ethanol/blood
MH  - Female
MH  - Fetal Blood/drug effects
MH  - Fetus/drug effects
MH  - Glutamine/*pharmacology
MH  - Heart Rate/drug effects
MH  - Hemodynamics/*drug effects
MH  - Hypercapnia/blood
MH  - Hypoxia/blood
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Regional Blood Flow/*drug effects
MH  - Sheep/*blood
MH  - Uterus/blood supply
PMC - PMC4201369
MID - NIHMS633014
COIS- Conflict of interest The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
EDAT- 2014/05/09 06:00
MHDA- 2016/02/24 06:00
PMCR- 2014/10/17
CRDT- 2014/05/10 06:00
PHST- 2014/01/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/04/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/05/10 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/05/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/02/24 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2014/10/17 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1007/s00726-014-1751-x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Amino Acids. 2014 Aug;46(8):1981-96. doi: 10.1007/s00726-014-1751-x. Epub 2014 
      May 9.