PMID- 24814793
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150709
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1098-5336 (Electronic)
IS  - 0099-2240 (Print)
IS  - 0099-2240 (Linking)
VI  - 80
IP  - 15
DP  - 2014 Aug
TI  - Sporadic isolation of sabin-like polioviruses and high-level detection of 
      non-polio enteroviruses during sewage surveillance in seven Italian cities, after 
      several years of inactivated poliovirus vaccination.
PG  - 4491-501
AB  - Sewage surveillance in seven Italian cities between 2005 and 2008, after the 
      introduction of inactivated poliovirus vaccination (IPV) in 2002, showed rare 
      polioviruses, none that were wild-type or circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus 
      (cVDPV), and many other enteroviruses among 1,392 samples analyzed. Two of five 
      polioviruses (PV) detected were Sabin-like PV2 and three PV3, based on 
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and PCR results. Neurovirulence-related 
      mutations were found in the 5'noncoding region (5'NCR) of all strains and, for a 
      PV2, also in VP1 region 143 (Ile>Thr). Intertypic recombination in the 3D region 
      was detected in a second PV2 (Sabin 2/Sabin 1) and a PV3 (Sabin 3/Sabin 2). The 
      low mutation rate in VP1 for all PVs suggests limited interhuman virus passages, 
      consistent with efficient polio immunization in Italy. Nonetheless, these 
      findings highlight the risk of wild or Sabin poliovirus reintroduction from 
      abroad. Non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) were detected, 448 of which were 
      coxsackievirus B (CVB) and 294 of which were echoviruses (Echo). Fifty-six NPEVs 
      failing serological typing were characterized by sequencing the VP1 region 
      (nucleotides [nt] 2628 to 2976). A total of 448 CVB and 294 Echo strains were 
      identified; among those strains, CVB2, CVB5, and Echo 11 predominated. 
      Environmental CVB5 and CVB2 strains from this study showed high sequence identity 
      with GenBank global strains. The high similarity between environmental NPEVs and 
      clinical strains from the same areas of Italy and the same periods indicates that 
      environmental strains reflect the viruses circulating in the population and 
      highlights the potential risk of inefficient wastewater treatments. This study 
      confirmed that sewage surveillance can be more sensitive than acute flaccid 
      paralysis (AFP) surveillance in monitoring silent poliovirus circulation in the 
      population as well as the suitability of molecular approaches to enterovirus 
      typing.
FAU - Battistone, A
AU  - Battistone A
FAU - Buttinelli, G
AU  - Buttinelli G
FAU - Fiore, S
AU  - Fiore S
FAU - Amato, C
AU  - Amato C
FAU - Bonomo, P
AU  - Bonomo P
FAU - Patti, A M
AU  - Patti AM
FAU - Vulcano, A
AU  - Vulcano A
FAU - Barbi, M
AU  - Barbi M
FAU - Binda, S
AU  - Binda S
FAU - Pellegrinelli, L
AU  - Pellegrinelli L
FAU - Tanzi, M L
AU  - Tanzi ML
FAU - Affanni, P
AU  - Affanni P
FAU - Castiglia, P
AU  - Castiglia P
FAU - Germinario, C
AU  - Germinario C
FAU - Mercurio, P
AU  - Mercurio P
FAU - Cicala, A
AU  - Cicala A
FAU - Triassi, M
AU  - Triassi M
FAU - Pennino, F
AU  - Pennino F
FAU - Fiore, L
AU  - Fiore L
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/KJ852629
SI  - GENBANK/KJ852630
SI  - GENBANK/KJ852631
SI  - GENBANK/KJ852632
SI  - GENBANK/KJ852633
SI  - GENBANK/KJ852634
SI  - GENBANK/KJ852635
SI  - GENBANK/KJ852636
SI  - GENBANK/KJ852637
SI  - GENBANK/KJ852638
SI  - GENBANK/KJ852639
SI  - GENBANK/KJ852640
SI  - GENBANK/KJ852641
SI  - GENBANK/KJ852642
SI  - GENBANK/KJ852643
SI  - GENBANK/KJ852644
SI  - GENBANK/KJ852645
SI  - GENBANK/KJ852646
SI  - GENBANK/KJ852647
SI  - GENBANK/KJ852648
SI  - GENBANK/KJ867446
SI  - GENBANK/KJ867447
SI  - GENBANK/KJ867448
SI  - GENBANK/KJ867449
SI  - GENBANK/KJ867450
SI  - GENBANK/KJ867451
SI  - GENBANK/KJ867452
SI  - GENBANK/KJ867453
SI  - GENBANK/KJ867454
SI  - GENBANK/KJ867455
SI  - GENBANK/KJ867456
SI  - GENBANK/KJ867457
SI  - GENBANK/KJ867458
SI  - GENBANK/KJ867459
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Appl Environ Microbiol
JT  - Applied and environmental microbiology
JID - 7605801
RN  - 0 (Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated)
RN  - 0 (Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral)
RN  - 0 (Sewage)
RN  - 0 (Viral Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Cities
MH  - Enterovirus/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification
MH  - Enterovirus Infections/epidemiology/virology
MH  - Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Humans
MH  - Italy
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Poliomyelitis/epidemiology/prevention & control/virology
MH  - Poliovirus/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification
MH  - Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated/*administration & dosage
MH  - Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral/administration & dosage
MH  - Sentinel Surveillance
MH  - Sewage/*virology
MH  - Vaccination
MH  - Viral Proteins/genetics
PMC - PMC4148784
EDAT- 2014/05/13 06:00
MHDA- 2015/07/15 06:00
PMCR- 2015/02/01
CRDT- 2014/05/13 06:00
PHST- 2014/05/13 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/05/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/07/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2015/02/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - AEM.00108-14 [pii]
AID - 00108-14 [pii]
AID - 10.1128/AEM.00108-14 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2014 Aug;80(15):4491-501. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00108-14.