PMID- 24821328
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20141103
LR  - 20221207
IS  - 1759-5037 (Electronic)
IS  - 1759-5029 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 8
DP  - 2014 Aug
TI  - Beyond intestinal soap--bile acids in metabolic control.
PG  - 488-98
LID - 10.1038/nrendo.2014.60 [doi]
AB  - Over the past decade, it has become apparent that bile acids are involved in a 
      host of activities beyond their classic functions in bile formation and fat 
      absorption. The identification of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) as a nuclear 
      receptor directly activated by bile acids and the discovery that bile acids are 
      also ligands for the membrane-bound, G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1 (also 
      known as TGR5) have opened new avenues of research. Both FXR and TGR5 regulate 
      various elements of glucose, lipid and energy metabolism. Consequently, a picture 
      has emerged of bile acids acting as modulators of (postprandial) metabolism. 
      Therefore, strategies that interfere with either bile acid metabolism or 
      signalling cascades mediated by bile acids may represent novel therapeutic 
      approaches for metabolic diseases. Synthetic modulators of FXR have been designed 
      and tested, primarily in animal models. Furthermore, the use of bile acid 
      sequestrants to reduce plasma cholesterol levels has unexpected benefits. For 
      example, treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with 
      sequestrants causes substantial reductions in plasma levels of glucose and HbA1c. 
      This Review aims to provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms by which bile 
      acids modulate glucose and energy metabolism, particularly focusing on the 
      glucose-lowering actions of bile acid sequestrants in insulin resistant states 
      and T2DM.
FAU - Kuipers, Folkert
AU  - Kuipers F
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center 
      Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700RB Groningen, Netherlands.
FAU - Bloks, Vincent W
AU  - Bloks VW
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center 
      Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700RB Groningen, Netherlands.
FAU - Groen, Albert K
AU  - Groen AK
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center 
      Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700RB Groningen, Netherlands.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20140513
PL  - England
TA  - Nat Rev Endocrinol
JT  - Nature reviews. Endocrinology
JID - 101500078
RN  - 0 (Anticholesteremic Agents)
RN  - 0 (Bile Acids and Salts)
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
RN  - 0 (FGF19 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (GPBAR1 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Glycated Hemoglobin A)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled)
RN  - 0 (hemoglobin A1c protein, human)
RN  - 0C5V0MRU6P (farnesoid X-activated receptor)
RN  - 48G762T011 (Allylamine)
RN  - 62031-54-3 (Fibroblast Growth Factors)
RN  - P4SG24WI5Q (Colesevelam Hydrochloride)
SB  - IM
MH  - Allylamine/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anticholesteremic Agents/pharmacology
MH  - Bile Acids and Salts/biosynthesis/*physiology
MH  - Blood Glucose/drug effects/*metabolism
MH  - Colesevelam Hydrochloride
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy/metabolism
MH  - Energy Metabolism/*drug effects
MH  - Fibroblast Growth Factors/physiology
MH  - Glycated Hemoglobin/metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Insulin Resistance
MH  - Lipid Metabolism/*drug effects
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice
MH  - Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/agonists/physiology
MH  - Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/physiology
MH  - Signal Transduction/*drug effects
EDAT- 2014/05/14 06:00
MHDA- 2014/11/05 06:00
CRDT- 2014/05/14 06:00
PHST- 2014/05/14 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/05/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/11/05 06:00 [medline]
AID - nrendo.2014.60 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/nrendo.2014.60 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2014 Aug;10(8):488-98. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2014.60. Epub 2014 
      May 13.