PMID- 24829562
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140515
LR  - 20231104
IS  - 1664-302X (Print)
IS  - 1664-302X (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-302X (Linking)
VI  - 5
DP  - 2014
TI  - Colonization of plants by human pathogenic bacteria in the course of organic 
      vegetable production.
PG  - 191
LID - 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00191 [doi]
LID - 191
AB  - In recent years, increasing numbers of outbreaks caused by the consumption of 
      vegetables contaminated with human pathogenic bacteria were reported. The 
      application of organic fertilizers during vegetable production is one of the 
      possible reasons for contamination with those pathogens. In this study laboratory 
      experiments in axenic and soil systems following common practices in organic 
      farming were conducted to identify the minimal dose needed for bacterial 
      colonization of plants and to identify possible factors like bacterial species or 
      serovariation, plant species or organic fertilizer types used, influencing the 
      success of plant colonization by human pathogenic bacteria. Spinach and corn 
      salad were chosen as model plants and were inoculated with different 
      concentrations of Salmonella enterica sv. Weltevreden, Listeria monocytogenes sv. 
      4b and EGD-E sv. 1/2a either directly (axenic system) or via agricultural soil 
      amended with spiked organic fertilizers (soil system). In addition to PCR- and 
      culture-based detection methods, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was 
      applied in order to localize bacteria on or in plant tissues. Our results 
      demonstrate that shoots were colonized by the pathogenic bacteria at inoculation 
      doses as low as 4 x 10 CFU/ml in the axenic system or 4 x 10(5) CFU/g in the soil 
      system. In addition, plant species dependent effects were observed. Spinach was 
      colonized more often and at lower inoculation doses compared to corn salad. 
      Differential colonization sites on roots, depending on the plant species could be 
      detected using FISH-CLSM analysis. Furthermore, the transfer of pathogenic 
      bacteria to plants via organic fertilizers was observed more often and at lower 
      initial inoculation doses when fertilization was performed with inoculated slurry 
      compared to inoculated manure. Finally, it could be shown that by introducing a 
      simple washing step, the bacterial contamination was reduced in most cases or 
      even was removed completely in some cases.
FAU - Hofmann, Andreas
AU  - Hofmann A
AD  - Department of Environmental Sciences, Research Unit Microbe-Plant Interactions, 
      Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH) 
      Neuherberg, Germany.
FAU - Fischer, Doreen
AU  - Fischer D
AD  - Department of Environmental Sciences, Research Unit Microbe-Plant Interactions, 
      Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH) 
      Neuherberg, Germany.
FAU - Hartmann, Anton
AU  - Hartmann A
AD  - Department of Environmental Sciences, Research Unit Microbe-Plant Interactions, 
      Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH) 
      Neuherberg, Germany.
FAU - Schmid, Michael
AU  - Schmid M
AD  - Department of Environmental Sciences, Research Unit Microbe-Plant Interactions, 
      Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH) 
      Neuherberg, Germany.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20140505
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Microbiol
JT  - Frontiers in microbiology
JID - 101548977
PMC - PMC4017148
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Listeria monocytogenes
OT  - Salmonella enterica
OT  - organic fertilizer
OT  - organic food
OT  - vegetable
EDAT- 2014/05/16 06:00
MHDA- 2014/05/16 06:01
PMCR- 2014/05/05
CRDT- 2014/05/16 06:00
PHST- 2014/01/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/04/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/05/16 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/05/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/05/16 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2014/05/05 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00191 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Microbiol. 2014 May 5;5:191. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00191. eCollection 
      2014.