PMID- 24836134
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20141114
LR  - 20140603
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 488-489
DP  - 2014 Aug 1
TI  - Levels and patterns of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in tilapia 
      (Oreochromis sp.) from four different lakes in Tanzania: geographical differences 
      and implications for human health.
PG  - 252-60
LID - S0048-9697(14)00595-6 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.085 [doi]
AB  - In Tanzania fish is one of the most important protein sources for the rapidly 
      increasing population. Wild fish is threatened by overfishing and pollution from 
      agriculture, industries, mining, household effluents and vector control. To 
      monitor possible implications for public health, the geographical differences of 
      the occurrence and levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in tilapia fish 
      (Oreochromis sp.) from four different Tanzanian lakes were investigated in 2011. 
      Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls 
      (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyls (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) were 
      determined in pooled samples of tilapia muscle from Lake (L) Victoria, L. 
      Tanganyika, L. Nyasa (also called L. Malawi) and L. Babati in Tanzania in 2011. 
      Levels of Sigma-DDTs (274 ng/g lipid weight (lw)) and sum of 7 indicator PCBs 
      (Sigma-7PCBs) (17 ng/g lw) were significantly higher in tilapia from L. Tanganyika 
      compared to the other lakes. The highest levels of Sigma-endosulfan (94 ng/g lw) were 
      detected in tilapia from L. Victoria. Toxaphenes were detected in low levels in 
      fish from L. Tanganyika and L. Babati. Results revealed a geographic difference 
      in the use of DDT and endosulfan between L. Victoria and L. Tanganyika. Low 
      ratios of DDE/DDT in tilapia from L. Tanganyika indicated an on-going use of DDT 
      in the area. Median levels of SigmaBDEs, including BDE-209, were highest in L. 
      Victoria (19.4 ng/g lw) and BDE-209 was present in 68% of the samples from this 
      lake. The presence of BDE-209 indicates increasing influence of imported products 
      from heavy industrialized countries. The measured POP levels in the studied 
      tilapia were all below MRLs of EU or were lower than recommended levels, and thus 
      the fish is considered as safe for human consumption. They may, however, pose a 
      risk to the fish species and threaten biodiversity.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Polder, A
AU  - Polder A
AD  - Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life 
      Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, Campus Adamstuen, NO-1432 As, Norway. Electronic 
      address: anuschka.polder@nmbu.no.
FAU - Muller, M B
AU  - Muller MB
AD  - Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life 
      Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, Campus Adamstuen, NO-1432 As, Norway.
FAU - Lyche, J L
AU  - Lyche JL
AD  - Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life 
      Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, Campus Adamstuen, NO-1432 As, Norway.
FAU - Mdegela, R H
AU  - Mdegela RH
AD  - Sokoine University of Agriculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public 
      Health, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania.
FAU - Nonga, H E
AU  - Nonga HE
AD  - Sokoine University of Agriculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public 
      Health, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania.
FAU - Mabiki, F P
AU  - Mabiki FP
AD  - Sokoine University of Agriculture, Department of Physical Sciences, P.O. Box 
      3038, Solomon Mahlangu Campus, Morogoro, Tanzania.
FAU - Mbise, T J
AU  - Mbise TJ
AD  - Tanzania Association of Public, Occupation and Environmental Health Experts 
      (TAPOHE), P.O. Box 732, Arusha, Tanzania.
FAU - Skaare, J U
AU  - Skaare JU
AD  - The Norwegian Veterinary Institute (NVI), P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, N-0106 Oslo, 
      Norway.
FAU - Sandvik, M
AU  - Sandvik M
AD  - The Norwegian Veterinary Institute (NVI), P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, N-0106 Oslo, 
      Norway.
FAU - Skjerve, E
AU  - Skjerve E
AD  - Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life 
      Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, Campus Adamstuen, NO-1432 As, Norway.
FAU - Lie, E
AU  - Lie E
AD  - Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life 
      Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, Campus Adamstuen, NO-1432 As, Norway; Norwegian 
      Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalleen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20140514
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated)
RN  - 0 (Pesticides)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
RN  - OKA6A6ZD4K (Endosulfan)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Endosulfan/analysis
MH  - *Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/analysis/metabolism
MH  - Lakes/chemistry
MH  - Pesticides/analysis/metabolism
MH  - Polychlorinated Biphenyls/metabolism
MH  - Risk Assessment
MH  - Tanzania
MH  - Tilapia/*metabolism
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis/*metabolism
MH  - Water Pollution, Chemical/statistics & numerical data
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - BFRs
OT  - DDTs
OT  - PCBs
OT  - Persistent organic pollutants (POPs)
OT  - Tanzania
OT  - Tilapia
EDAT- 2014/05/20 06:00
MHDA- 2014/11/15 06:00
CRDT- 2014/05/20 06:00
PHST- 2013/12/09 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/04/16 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2014/04/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/05/20 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/05/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/11/15 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0048-9697(14)00595-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.085 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2014 Aug 1;488-489:252-60. doi: 
      10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.085. Epub 2014 May 14.