PMID- 24847781
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150515
LR  - 20171116
IS  - 1557-8518 (Electronic)
IS  - 1540-4196 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 7
DP  - 2014 Sep
TI  - Monocytes from metabolic syndrome subjects exhibit a proinflammatory M1 
      phenotype.
PG  - 362-6
LID - 10.1089/met.2014.0017 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: The metabolic syndrome is a highly prevalent state affecting one in 
      three US adults and comprises a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors. While 
      metabolic syndrome is a proinflammatory state, there is a paucity of studies 
      examining monocyte/macrophage phenotype in metabolic syndrome subjects. This was 
      the aim of this study. METHODS: Following informed consent, metabolic syndrome 
      and age- and gender-matched healthy subjects (n=15/group) were recruited, and 
      monocytes were obtained for phenotypic characterization of the classical M1 
      phenotype and alternative M2 phenotype. Biomarkers of inflammation, C-reactive 
      protein (CRP), and proinflammatory cytokines were examined. RESULTS: Metabolic 
      syndrome subjects had significantly higher waist circumference (WC), 
      significantly increased systolic blood pressure, higher fasting glucose, 
      triglycerides, and free fatty acids levels, and lower high-density lipoprotein 
      cholesterol (HDL-C) levels compared to matched controls. Also, CRP and endotoxin 
      levels were significantly elevated in metabolic syndrome compared to controls. 
      Metabolic syndrome subjects had significantly higher levels of the M1 phenotype 
      and significantly decreased levels of the M2 phenotype compared to controls, even 
      after adjusting for WC. Among the other biomarkers of inflammation, there were 
      significant increases in the proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines 
      interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and 
      decreased IL-10 in metabolic syndrome compared to controls. The M1 phenotype was 
      significantly correlated to levels of CRP, endotoxin, MCP-1, and WC and 
      negatively with HDL-C. CONCLUSIONS: Monocytes from metabolic syndrome subjects 
      display a proinflammatory M1 phenotype that could promote the increased 
      cardiometabolic burden in these subjects.
FAU - Chen, Xinpu
AU  - Chen X
AD  - Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine , and Texas 
      Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas.
FAU - Devaraj, Sridevi
AU  - Devaraj S
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20140521
PL  - United States
TA  - Metab Syndr Relat Disord
JT  - Metabolic syndrome and related disorders
JID - 101150318
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 9007-41-4 (C-Reactive Protein)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Biomarkers/metabolism
MH  - C-Reactive Protein/metabolism
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Cytokines/metabolism
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Inflammation/*blood/immunology
MH  - Male
MH  - Metabolic Syndrome/*blood/immunology
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Monocytes/classification/*immunology
MH  - Phenotype
EDAT- 2014/05/23 06:00
MHDA- 2015/05/16 06:00
CRDT- 2014/05/23 06:00
PHST- 2014/05/23 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/05/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/05/16 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1089/met.2014.0017 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2014 Sep;12(7):362-6. doi: 10.1089/met.2014.0017. Epub 
      2014 May 21.