PMID- 24851935
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150515
LR  - 20221207
IS  - 1399-0039 (Electronic)
IS  - 0001-2815 (Linking)
VI  - 84
IP  - 3
DP  - 2014 Sep
TI  - Estimation of the 6-digit level allele and haplotype frequencies of HLA-A, -B, 
      and -C in Koreans using ambiguity-solving DNA typing.
PG  - 277-84
LID - 10.1111/tan.12368 [doi]
AB  - Because Korean society is fast becoming multi-ethnic, the determination of 
      ambiguous human leukocyte antigen (HLA) types using HLA allele frequencies is 
      becoming less applicable. In this study, we focused on the development of new 
      technical methods to directly resolve the ambiguities arising from HLA 
      genotyping. One hundred and fifty unrelated healthy Korean adults were included 
      in this study. All alleles from each HLA locus were first divided into 2-4 
      groups, with each group amplified in a single PCR tube (multi-group-specific 
      amplification, MGSA). To resolve phase ambiguities, some allele groups were also 
      amplified separately in small group-specific amplification (SGSA) tubes. In order 
      to then resolve incomplete sequence ambiguities, primers for MGSA and SGSA were 
      initially designed to cover additional exons. If needed, a heterozygous ambiguity 
      resolving primer (HARP) or sequence specific primer (SSP) was also used. When 
      MGSA and SGSA methods were applied, the rate of phase ambiguity was greatly 
      reduced to an average of 6% (1.3% in HLA-A, 15.7% in -B, and 2.0% in -C). 
      Additional HARP and SSP methods could resolve all the phase ambiguities. Using 
      our proposed method, we also detected three alleles that have not been previously 
      reported in Korea, C*04:82, C*07:18, and C*08:22, and report 6-digit level HLA 
      allele and haplotype frequencies among Koreans. In conclusion, the use of 
      MGSA/SGSA for the initial amplification step is a cost-effective method 
      facilitating timely and accurate reporting, given the continuing increase in the 
      ethnic diversity of the Korean population. The MGSA described here can be 
      applicable to various populations and thus could be shared by the majority of HLA 
      typing laboratories. However, efforts to solve HLA ambiguity should continue, 
      because SGSA, HARPs and SSPs would be specific to a particular population.
CI  - (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
FAU - Jun, J-H
AU  - Jun JH
AD  - Life Science Institute of Biowithus, Seoul, South Korea.
FAU - Hwang, K
AU  - Hwang K
FAU - Kim, S-K
AU  - Kim SK
FAU - Oh, H-B
AU  - Oh HB
FAU - Cho, M-C
AU  - Cho MC
FAU - Lee, K-J
AU  - Lee KJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20140522
PL  - England
TA  - Tissue Antigens
JT  - Tissue antigens
JID - 0331072
RN  - 0 (DNA Primers)
RN  - 0 (HLA Antigens)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Asian People/*genetics
MH  - Cohort Studies
MH  - DNA Fingerprinting/*methods
MH  - DNA Primers/genetics
MH  - Gene Frequency
MH  - Genotype
MH  - HLA Antigens/*genetics
MH  - Haplotypes
MH  - Histocompatibility Testing/*methods
MH  - Humans
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Polymorphism, Genetic
MH  - Republic of Korea
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Korean
OT  - allele
OT  - ambiguity
OT  - haplotype
OT  - human leukocyte antigen
OT  - six-digit
EDAT- 2014/05/24 06:00
MHDA- 2015/05/16 06:00
CRDT- 2014/05/24 06:00
PHST- 2013/11/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/03/31 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2014/04/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/05/24 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/05/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/05/16 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1111/tan.12368 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Tissue Antigens. 2014 Sep;84(3):277-84. doi: 10.1111/tan.12368. Epub 2014 May 22.