PMID- 24858938
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150330
LR  - 20211203
IS  - 1769-7123 (Electronic)
IS  - 0923-2508 (Linking)
VI  - 165
IP  - 6
DP  - 2014 Jul-Aug
TI  - Ocimum sanctum (L.) essential oil and its lead molecules induce apoptosis in 
      Candida albicans.
PG  - 411-9
LID - S0923-2508(14)00079-5 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.resmic.2014.05.031 [doi]
AB  - Manipulation of endogenous responses during programmed cell death (PCD) in fungi 
      can lead to development of effective therapeutic strategies. In the present 
      study, we evaluated the physiology of cell death in Candida albicans in response 
      to Ocimum sanctum essential oil (OSEO) and its two major constituents - methyl 
      chavicol (MET CHAV) and linalool (LIN) at varying inhibitory concentrations. 
      Apoptotic cell death was studied on the basis of externalization of membrane 
      phosphatidylserine (PS) revealed by annexin-V-FITC labeling, morphological 
      alterations revealed by transmission electron microscopy and DNA fragmentation by 
      terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) 
      assay. Exposure of fungal cells to MIC/4 of OSEO, MET CHAV and LIN resulted in 
      morphological features characteristic of apoptosis, while necrosis was observed 
      at higher concentrations. Necrotic cells displayed reduced TUNEL staining and an 
      inability to exclude propidium iodide. In addition, they lacked a defined nucleus 
      and an intact external morphology. Exposed cells were TUNEL-positive, showed 
      chromatin condensation and margination, nuclear envelope separation, nuclear 
      fragmentation, cytoplasmic shrinkage and plasma membrane blebbing. A 
      dose-dependent decrease in cytochrome c oxidase activity was observed with each 
      compound, but the decrease was not comparable to that elicited by H2O2, 
      eliminating the primary involvement of cytochrome c release in apoptosis thus 
      induced. Previously reported data revealed induction of apoptosis at low 
      concentrations as a result of oxidative insult. Studies aimed at identifying 
      other mitochondrial factors activated during this course to mediate apoptosis 
      will further elucidate the mechanism of antifungal action of these natural 
      products.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2014 Institut Pasteur. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights 
      reserved.
FAU - Khan, Amber
AU  - Khan A
AD  - Medical Mycology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 
      110025, India.
FAU - Ahmad, Aijaz
AU  - Ahmad A
AD  - Medical Mycology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 
      110025, India.
FAU - Khan, Luqman Ahmad
AU  - Khan LA
AD  - Medical Mycology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 
      110025, India.
FAU - Manzoor, Nikhat
AU  - Manzoor N
AD  - Medical Mycology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 
      110025, India. Electronic address: nikhatmanzoor@yahoo.co.in.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20140521
PL  - France
TA  - Res Microbiol
JT  - Research in microbiology
JID - 8907468
RN  - 0 (Acyclic Monoterpenes)
RN  - 0 (Allylbenzene Derivatives)
RN  - 0 (Anisoles)
RN  - 0 (Annexin A5)
RN  - 0 (Antifungal Agents)
RN  - 0 (Monoterpenes)
RN  - 0 (Oils, Volatile)
RN  - 0 (Phosphatidylserines)
RN  - 9NIW07V3ET (estragole)
RN  - D81QY6I88E (linalool)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acyclic Monoterpenes
MH  - Allylbenzene Derivatives
MH  - Anisoles/isolation & purification/pharmacology
MH  - Annexin A5/metabolism
MH  - Antifungal Agents/isolation & purification/*pharmacology
MH  - Apoptosis/*drug effects
MH  - Candida albicans/cytology/*drug effects/*physiology
MH  - DNA Fragmentation
MH  - In Situ Nick-End Labeling
MH  - Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
MH  - Monoterpenes/isolation & purification/pharmacology
MH  - Ocimum/*chemistry
MH  - Oils, Volatile/isolation & purification/*pharmacology
MH  - Phosphatidylserines/analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Apoptosis
OT  - Candida albicans
OT  - Linalool
OT  - Methyl chavicol
OT  - Ocimum sanctum
EDAT- 2014/05/27 06:00
MHDA- 2015/03/31 06:00
CRDT- 2014/05/27 06:00
PHST- 2013/10/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/05/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/05/27 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/05/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/03/31 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0923-2508(14)00079-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.resmic.2014.05.031 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Res Microbiol. 2014 Jul-Aug;165(6):411-9. doi: 10.1016/j.resmic.2014.05.031. Epub 
      2014 May 21.