PMID- 24860568
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140624
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1664-3224 (Print)
IS  - 1664-3224 (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-3224 (Linking)
VI  - 5
DP  - 2014
TI  - Controlling the Immunological Crosstalk during Conception and Pregnancy: HLA-G in 
      Reproduction.
PG  - 198
LID - 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00198 [doi]
LID - 198
AB  - In several years after its discovery in the placenta, the human leukocyte antigen 
      (HLA) class Ib protein, HLA-G, was not given much attention, nor was it assigned 
      great importance. As time has unraveled, HLA-G has proven to have distinctive 
      functions and an unforeseen and possibly important role in reproduction. HLA-G is 
      characterized mainly by its low polymorphism and restricted tissue distribution 
      in non-pathological conditions. In fact, its expression pattern is primarily 
      limited to extravillous cytotrophoblast cells at the maternal-fetal interface 
      during pregnancy. Due to low polymorphism, almost the same protein is expressed 
      by virtually all individuals. It is these unique features that make HLA-G differ 
      from its highly polymorphic HLA class Ia counterparts, the HLA-A, -B, and -C 
      molecules. Its function, seemingly diverse, is typically receptor-mediated, and 
      involves interactions with a wide range of immune cells. As the expression of 
      HLA-G primarily is limited to gestation, this has given rise to the hypothesis 
      that HLA-G plays an important role in the immunological tolerance of the fetus by 
      the mother. In keeping with this, it might not be surprising that polymorphisms 
      in the HLA-G gene, and levels of HLA-G expression, have been linked to 
      reproductive failure and pre-eclampsia. Based on recent studies, we speculate 
      that HLA-G might be involved in mechanisms in reproductive immunology even before 
      conception because HLA-G can be detected in the genital tract and in the blood of 
      non-pregnant women, and is present in seminal fluid from men. In addition, HLA-G 
      expression has been found in the pre-implanted embryo. Therefore, we propose that 
      a combined contribution from the mother, the father, and the embryo/fetus is 
      likely to be important. Furthermore, this review presents important aspects of 
      HLA-G in relation to reproduction: from genetics to physiological effects, from 
      pregnancy and pregnancy complications to a short discussion on future possible 
      means of preventative measures and therapy.
FAU - Lynge Nilsson, Line
AU  - Lynge Nilsson L
AD  - Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology, Department of Clinical 
      Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital , Roskilde , Denmark.
FAU - Djurisic, Snezana
AU  - Djurisic S
AD  - Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology, Department of Clinical 
      Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital , Roskilde , Denmark.
FAU - Hviid, Thomas Vauvert F
AU  - Hviid TV
AD  - Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology, Department of Clinical 
      Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital , Roskilde , Denmark.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20140513
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Immunol
JT  - Frontiers in immunology
JID - 101560960
PMC - PMC4026753
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - HLA class Ib
OT  - HLA-G
OT  - MHC
OT  - human reproduction
OT  - pregnancy complications
EDAT- 2014/05/27 06:00
MHDA- 2014/05/27 06:01
PMCR- 2014/01/01
CRDT- 2014/05/27 06:00
PHST- 2014/03/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/04/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/05/27 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/05/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/05/27 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2014/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00198 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Immunol. 2014 May 13;5:198. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00198. eCollection 
      2014.