PMID- 24891839
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140603
LR  - 20240321
IS  - 1477-5956 (Print)
IS  - 1477-5956 (Electronic)
IS  - 1477-5956 (Linking)
VI  - 12
DP  - 2014
TI  - Pepsin-pancreatin protein hydrolysates from extruded amaranth inhibit markers of 
      atherosclerosis in LPS-induced THP-1 macrophages-like human cells by reducing 
      expression of proteins in LOX-1 signaling pathway.
PG  - 30
LID - 10.1186/1477-5956-12-30 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Atherosclerosis is considered a progressive disease that affects 
      arteries that bring blood to the heart, to the brain and to the lower end. It 
      derives from endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, which play an important 
      role in the thrombotic complications of atherosclerosis. Cardiovascular disease 
      is the leading cause of death around the world and one factor that can contribute 
      to its progression and prevention is diet. Our previous study found that amaranth 
      hydrolysates inhibited LPS-induced inflammation in human and mouse macrophages by 
      preventing activation of NF-kappaB signaling. Furthermore, extrusion improved the 
      anti-inflammatory effect of amaranth protein hydrolysates in both cell lines, 
      probably attributed to the production of bioactive peptides during processing. 
      Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the anti-atherosclerotic 
      potential of pepsin-pancreatin hydrolysates from unprocessed and extruded 
      amaranth in THP-1 lipopolysaccharide-induced human macrophages and suggest the 
      mechanism of action. RESULTS: Unprocessed amaranth hydrolysate (UAH) and extruded 
      amaranth hydrolysate (EAH) showed a significant reduction in the expression of 
      interleukin-4 (IL-4) (69% and 100%, respectively), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (64% and 
      52%, respectively), interleukin-22 (IL-22) (55% and 70%, respectively). Likewise, 
      UAH and EAH showed a reduction in the expression of monocyte-chemo attractant 
      protein-1 (MCP-1) (35% and 42%, respectively), transferrin receptor-1 (TfR-1) 
      (48% and 61%, respectively), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor 
      (GM-CSF) (59% and 63%, respectively), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) (60% 
      and 63%, respectively). Also, EAH reduced the expression of lectin-like oxidized 
      low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) (27%), intracellular adhesion 
      molecule-1 (ICAM-1) (28%) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) (19%), important 
      molecular markers in the atherosclerosis pathway. EAH, led to a reduction of 58, 
      52 and 79% for LOX-1, ICAM-1 and MMP-9, respectively, by confocal microscopy. 
      CONCLUSIONS: Extruded amaranth hydrolysate showed potential anti-atherosclerotic 
      effect in LPS-induced THP-1 human macrophage-like cells by reducing the 
      expression of proteins associated with LOX-1 signaling pathway.
FAU - Montoya-Rodriguez, Alvaro
AU  - Montoya-Rodriguez A
AD  - Programa Regional del Noroeste para el Doctorado en Biotecnologia, FCQB-UAS, 
      Ciudad Universitaria, AP 1354, Culiacan, Sinaloa CP 80000, Mexico ; Food Science 
      and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 228 ERML, 
      MC-051, 1201 West, Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
FAU - Milan-Carrillo, Jorge
AU  - Milan-Carrillo J
AD  - Programa Regional del Noroeste para el Doctorado en Biotecnologia, FCQB-UAS, 
      Ciudad Universitaria, AP 1354, Culiacan, Sinaloa CP 80000, Mexico.
FAU - Dia, Vermont P
AU  - Dia VP
AD  - Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 228 
      ERML, MC-051, 1201 West, Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
FAU - Reyes-Moreno, Cuauhtemoc
AU  - Reyes-Moreno C
AD  - Programa Regional del Noroeste para el Doctorado en Biotecnologia, FCQB-UAS, 
      Ciudad Universitaria, AP 1354, Culiacan, Sinaloa CP 80000, Mexico.
FAU - Gonzalez de Mejia, Elvira
AU  - Gonzalez de Mejia E
AD  - Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 228 
      ERML, MC-051, 1201 West, Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20140519
PL  - England
TA  - Proteome Sci
JT  - Proteome science
JID - 101170539
PMC - PMC4041052
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Amaranth
OT  - Atherosclerosis
OT  - Hydrolysates
OT  - Macrophages
OT  - THP-1
EDAT- 2014/06/04 06:00
MHDA- 2014/06/04 06:01
PMCR- 2014/05/19
CRDT- 2014/06/04 06:00
PHST- 2014/02/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/05/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/06/04 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/06/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/06/04 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2014/05/19 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 1477-5956-12-30 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/1477-5956-12-30 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Proteome Sci. 2014 May 19;12:30. doi: 10.1186/1477-5956-12-30. eCollection 2014.