PMID- 24927178
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150511
LR  - 20231110
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 6
DP  - 2014
TI  - A RG-II type polysaccharide purified from Aconitum coreanum alleviates 
      lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by inhibiting the NF-kappaB signal pathway.
PG  - e99697
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0099697 [doi]
LID - e99697
AB  - Korean mondshood root polysaccharides (KMPS) isolated from the root of Aconitum 
      coreanum (Levl.) Rapaics have shown anti-inflammatory activity, which is strongly 
      influenced by their chemical structures and chain conformations. However, the 
      mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effect by these polysaccharides have yet to 
      be elucidated. A RG-II polysaccharide (KMPS-2E, Mw 84.8 kDa) was isolated from 
      KMPS and its chemical structure was characterized by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy, 
      gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. 
      The backbone of KMPS-2E consisted of units of [-->6) -beta-D-Galp 
      (1-->3)-beta-L-Rhap-(1-->4)-beta-D-GalpA-(1-->3)-beta-D-Galp-(1-->] with the side chain 
      -->5)-beta-D-Arap (1-->3, 5)-beta-D-Arap (1--> attached to the backbone through O-4 of 
      (1-->3,4)-L-Rhap. T-beta-D-Galp is attached to the backbone through O-6 of 
      (1-->3,6)-beta-D-Galp residues and T-beta-D-Ara is connected to the end group of each 
      chain. The anti-inflammatory effects of KMPS-2E and the underlying mechanisms 
      using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and 
      carrageenan-induced hind paw edema were investigated. KMPS-2E (50, 100 and 200 
      microg/mL) inhibits iNOS, TLR4, phospho-NF-kappaB-p65 expression, phosphor-IKK, 
      phosphor-IkappaB-alpha expression as well as the degradation of IkappaB-alpha and the gene 
      expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, iNOS and IL-6) mediated by 
      the NF-kappaB signal pathways in macrophages. KMPS-2E also inhibited LPS-induced 
      activation of NF-kappaB as assayed by electrophorectic mobility shift assay (EMSA) in 
      a dose-dependent manner and it reduced NF-kappaB DNA binding affinity by 62.1% at 200 
      microg/mL. In rats, KMPS-2E (200 mg/kg) can significantly inhibit carrageenan-induced 
      paw edema as ibuprofen (200 mg/kg) within 3 h after a single oral dose. The 
      results indicate that KMPS-2E is a promising herb-derived drug against acute 
      inflammation.
FAU - Li, Xiaojun
AU  - Li X
AD  - Teaching Experimental Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese 
      Medicine, Shanghai, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese 
      Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional 
      Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
FAU - Jiang, Jiaye
AU  - Jiang J
AD  - Teaching Experimental Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese 
      Medicine, Shanghai, China.
FAU - Shi, Songshan
AU  - Shi S
AD  - The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Institute of 
      Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 
      Shanghai, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 
      Shanghai, China.
FAU - Bligh, S W Annie
AU  - Bligh SW
AD  - Department of Complementary Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, 
      University of Westminster, Westminster, United Kingdom.
FAU - Li, Yuan
AU  - Li Y
AD  - Teaching Experimental Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese 
      Medicine, Shanghai, China.
FAU - Jiang, Yongbo
AU  - Jiang Y
AD  - Teaching Experimental Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese 
      Medicine, Shanghai, China.
FAU - Huang, Dan
AU  - Huang D
AD  - Teaching Experimental Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese 
      Medicine, Shanghai, China.
FAU - Ke, Yan
AU  - Ke Y
AD  - Teaching Experimental Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese 
      Medicine, Shanghai, China.
FAU - Wang, Shunchun
AU  - Wang S
AD  - The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Institute of 
      Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 
      Shanghai, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 
      Shanghai, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20140613
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (Lipopolysaccharides)
RN  - 0 (NF-kappa B)
RN  - 0 (Plant Extracts)
RN  - 0 (Polysaccharides)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aconitum/*chemistry
MH  - Animals
MH  - Blotting, Western
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay
MH  - Inflammation/*chemically induced/*drug therapy
MH  - Lipopolysaccharides/*pharmacology
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice
MH  - NF-kappa B/*metabolism
MH  - Plant Extracts/chemistry/*therapeutic use
MH  - Polysaccharides/chemistry/*therapeutic use
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Wistar
MH  - Signal Transduction/drug effects
PMC - PMC4057409
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2014/06/14 06:00
MHDA- 2015/05/12 06:00
PMCR- 2014/06/13
CRDT- 2014/06/14 06:00
PHST- 2014/01/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/05/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/06/14 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/06/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/05/12 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2014/06/13 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-14-02845 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0099697 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2014 Jun 13;9(6):e99697. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099697. eCollection 
      2014.