PMID- 24958511
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20141112
LR  - 20240321
IS  - 1471-2334 (Electronic)
IS  - 1471-2334 (Linking)
VI  - 14
DP  - 2014 Jun 23
TI  - Carotid intima media thickness is associated with body fat abnormalities in 
      HIV-infected patients.
PG  - 348
LID - 10.1186/1471-2334-14-348 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: HIV-infected patients may be at increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) 
      events, and lipodystrophy is generally associated with proatherogenic metabolic 
      disturbances. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) has been used as a surrogate 
      marker for atherosclerosis and it has been shown to be an independent risk factor 
      for CV disease. Our objective was to evaluate cIMT in HIV-infected patients on 
      combined anti-retroviral therapy (cART) with and without lipodystrophy defined by 
      fat mass ratio (L-FMR), and to determine the association of lipodystrophy and 
      visceral obesity [(visceral (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) volume and 
      VAT/SAT ratio, objectively evaluated by CT scan] with cIMT. METHODS: 
      Cross-sectional study of 199 HIV-infected patients. Body composition by DXA and 
      abdominal CT, lipids, blood pressure, inflammatory markers, and cIMT by 
      ultrasonography were performed. L-FMR was defined as the ratio of the percentage 
      of trunk fat mass to the percentage of lower limb fat mass by DXA. Categorical 
      variables were compared using the chi-square or Fisher's exact test. Spearman 
      correlation coefficients were estimated to study the association between cIMT and 
      clinical and metabolic characteristics. Means of cIMT, adjusted for age, were 
      calculated, using generalized linear models. RESULTS: L-FMR was present in 41.2% 
      of patients and cIMT was higher in these patients [0.81 (0.24) vs. 0.76 (0.25); 
      p=0.037)]. Lipodystrophic patients had higher VAT and VAT/SAT ratio and lower 
      SAT. cIMT was associated with lipodystrophy evaluated by FMR, trunk fat, total 
      abdominal fat, VAT and VAT/SAT ratio. No association was observed between cIMT 
      and leg fat mass. Using generalized linear models, cIMT means were adjusted for 
      age and no significant differences remained after this adjustment. The adjusted 
      mean of cIMT was 0.787 (95%CI: 0.751-0.823) in patients without lipodystrophy, 
      and 0.775 (95%CI: 0.732-0.817) in those with lipodystrophy (p=0.671). 
      CONCLUSIONS: HIV-infected patients on cART with lipodystrophy defined by FMR, had 
      a significantly higher cIMT. Carotid IMT was also associated with classical 
      cardiovascular risk factors. In these patients, visceral adipose tissue had a 
      significant impact on cIMT, although age was the strongest associated factor.
FAU - Freitas, Paula
AU  - Freitas P
AD  - Endocrinology Department, Hospital de Sao Joao and University of Porto Medical 
      School, Alameda Hernani Monteiro, Porto 4200, Portugal. paula_freitas@sapo.pt.
FAU - Carvalho, Davide
AU  - Carvalho D
FAU - Santos, Ana Cristina
AU  - Santos AC
FAU - Madureira, Antonio Jose
AU  - Madureira AJ
FAU - Martinez, Esteban
AU  - Martinez E
FAU - Pereira, Jorge
AU  - Pereira J
FAU - Sarmento, Antonio
AU  - Sarmento A
FAU - Medina, Jose Luis
AU  - Medina JL
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20140623
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Infect Dis
JT  - BMC infectious diseases
JID - 100968551
SB  - IM
MH  - Adipose Tissue/*pathology
MH  - Adult
MH  - Body Composition/physiology
MH  - *Carotid Intima-Media Thickness
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Female
MH  - HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome/*pathology/physiopathology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
PMC - PMC4087129
EDAT- 2014/06/25 06:00
MHDA- 2014/11/13 06:00
PMCR- 2014/06/23
CRDT- 2014/06/25 06:00
PHST- 2013/09/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/06/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/06/25 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/06/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/11/13 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2014/06/23 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 1471-2334-14-348 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/1471-2334-14-348 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Infect Dis. 2014 Jun 23;14:348. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-348.