PMID- 24965406
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140918
LR  - 20140626
IS  - 1107-0625 (Print)
IS  - 1107-0625 (Linking)
VI  - 19
IP  - 2
DP  - 2014 Apr-Jun
TI  - The clinicopathological and survival differences between never and ever smokers 
      with non-small cell lung cancer.
PG  - 453-8
AB  - PURPOSE: Cigarette smoking was regarded as the most important carcinogenic factor 
      of lung cancer, yet in recent years lung cancer in never-smokers is an 
      increasingly prominent public health issue. The aim of this study was to assess 
      the epidemiological and clinicopathological characteristics of never-smoker 
      patients with non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), focusing on clinical risk 
      factors and survival. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 290 NSCLC patients who 
      presented between 2006 and 2011. Differences in clinical features and survival 
      between never- and ever- smoker patients were analyzed. Student's t-test and 
      Mann-Whitney U-test were used to assess the significance of the variables between 
      the groups. Survival curves were calculated using Kaplan-Meier method. Hazard 
      ratio (HR) for death and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated by Cox 
      regression analysis. RESULTS: There were 243 (83.8%) ever-smokers and 47 (16.2%) 
      never-smokers. In never-smokers females predominated (80.9%) as well as patients 
      with adenocarcinomas (78.7%). At the time of analysis 143 (49.3%) patients had 
      died. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were not significantly different 
      between never- and ever-smokers (p=0.410) . The median OS of all patients was 26 
      months (95% CI: 16.8-35.2). The median OS was 23 months (95% CI: 11.8- 34.2) for 
      never-smokers and 30 months  parallel95% CI: 19.7-40.3) for ever-smokers (p=0.410). 
      Never-smokers tended to present with more advanced disease than ever-smokers 
      (p<0.004) and also with more advanced age (p<0.001). The HR for death increased 
      with poorer Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group ( ECOG ) performance status (PS) 
      (ECOG 2=3), advanced stage (stage 3=4) and untreated patients. Slightly lower 
      risk for death was registered in patients with adenocarcinoma vs those with 
      squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). CONCLUSION: Although no difference in survival was 
      seen, definite epidemiologic differences do exist between never- smokers and 
      ever-smokers patients with NSCLC. Future efforts should focus on the underlying 
      biological differences, and on identifying potential non-tobacco related risk 
      factors in order to improve treatment strategies for these two groups of NSCLC 
      patients.
FAU - Muallaoglu, Sadik
AU  - Muallaoglu S
AD  - Baskent University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Adana, 
      Turkey.
FAU - Karadeniz, Cemile
AU  - Karadeniz C
FAU - Mertsoylu, Huseyin
AU  - Mertsoylu H
FAU - Ayberk Besen, Ali
AU  - Ayberk Besen A
FAU - Sezer, Ahmet
AU  - Sezer A
FAU - Murat Sedef, Ali
AU  - Murat Sedef A
FAU - Kose, Fatih
AU  - Kose F
FAU - Ozyilkan, Ozgur
AU  - Ozyilkan O
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - Cyprus
TA  - J BUON
JT  - Journal of B.U.ON. : official journal of the Balkan Union of Oncology
JID - 100883428
SB  - IM
MH  - Aged
MH  - Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/*etiology/mortality/pathology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Lung Neoplasms/*etiology/mortality/pathology
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Smoking/*adverse effects
EDAT- 2014/06/27 06:00
MHDA- 2014/09/19 06:00
CRDT- 2014/06/27 06:00
PHST- 2014/06/27 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/06/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/09/19 06:00 [medline]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J BUON. 2014 Apr-Jun;19(2):453-8.