PMID- 24972288
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150409
LR  - 20201216
IS  - 1520-5118 (Electronic)
IS  - 0021-8561 (Linking)
VI  - 62
IP  - 30
DP  - 2014 Jul 30
TI  - Alteration of gut bacteria and metabolomes after glucaro-1,4-lactone treatment 
      contributes to the prevention of hypercholesterolemia.
PG  - 7444-51
LID - 10.1021/jf501744d [doi]
AB  - D-Glucaro-1,4-lactone (1,4-GL) has been shown to have a hypocholesterolemic 
      effect in rats and human subjects. However, little information is known 
      concerning the alteration of metabolome associated with the effect. Here, we show 
      that 1,4-GL delays the development of hypercholesterolemia with the 
      coadministration of a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet (HFHC) in rats. Metabonomic 
      results based on proton nuclear magnetic resonance indicate that urinary 
      trimethylamine N-oxide, trimethylamine, lactate, acetate, formate, and creatinine 
      are significantly altered after 1,4-GL and HFHC treatments. Colonic flora test 
      results reveal that the quantity of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the 
      intestines respectively increase by about 1.7- and 4.2-fold in rats treated with 
      1,4-GL compared with those in the control group. Rats that were coadministered 
      with HFHC and 1,4-GL exhibit normal levels of lactate and acetate in serum and 
      display urinary excretions of lactate and acetate that are 2 to 3 times higher 
      compared with those treated with HFHC alone. The results imply that the increased 
      probiotic quantities and urinary excretion of breakdown products of 
      fat/cholesterol after 1,4-GL treatment contribute to the prevention of 
      hypercholesterolemia. Our study offers insights into the model of action for 
      1,4-GL in preventing hypercholesterolemia.
FAU - Xie, Baogang
AU  - Xie B
AD  - School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University , Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of 
      China.
FAU - Liu, Aihong
AU  - Liu A
FAU - Zhan, Xuejun
AU  - Zhan X
FAU - Ye, Xinming
AU  - Ye X
FAU - Wei, Jing
AU  - Wei J
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20140714
PL  - United States
TA  - J Agric Food Chem
JT  - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry
JID - 0374755
RN  - 0 (Cholesterol, Dietary)
RN  - 0 (Methylamines)
RN  - 0 (Triglycerides)
RN  - 7VD5U57BAB (saccharolactone)
RN  - AYI8EX34EU (Creatinine)
RN  - FLD0K1SJ1A (trimethyloxamine)
RN  - QLZ991V4A2 (Glucaric Acid)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Bifidobacterium
MH  - Cholesterol, Dietary/administration & dosage/adverse effects
MH  - Creatinine/urine
MH  - Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
MH  - Female
MH  - Gastrointestinal Tract/*microbiology
MH  - Glucaric Acid/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology
MH  - Hypercholesterolemia/blood/*prevention & control
MH  - Lactobacillus
MH  - Liver/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Metabolome/*drug effects
MH  - Methylamines
MH  - Probiotics/administration & dosage
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Triglycerides/blood
EDAT- 2014/06/28 06:00
MHDA- 2015/04/10 06:00
CRDT- 2014/06/28 06:00
PHST- 2014/06/28 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/06/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/04/10 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1021/jf501744d [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Agric Food Chem. 2014 Jul 30;62(30):7444-51. doi: 10.1021/jf501744d. Epub 2014 
      Jul 14.