PMID- 24976800
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140630
LR  - 20220408
IS  - 1550-2783 (Print)
IS  - 1550-2783 (Electronic)
IS  - 1550-2783 (Linking)
VI  - 11
DP  - 2014
TI  - Protein supplementation and dietary behaviours of resistance trained men and 
      women attending commercial gyms: a comparative study between the city centre and 
      the suburbs of Palermo, Italy.
PG  - 30
LID - 10.1186/1550-2783-11-30 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: It is anecdotally recognized that commercial gym users assume 
      supplements in order to improve performance or health. However, dietary 
      behaviours of people and athletes attending commercial gyms have been poorly 
      studied. The exact amount and frequency of dietary supplements consumption are 
      still needed to be investigated. The main purpose of this study is to understand 
      the quantity and quality of food intake, as well as dietary supplementation in 
      people attending commercial gyms. Secondly to compare the city centre and the 
      suburbs of Palermo, Italy. METHODS: A face-to-face questionnaire was administered 
      to 561 subjects, 207 from the city centre (CC) and 354 from the suburbs (SB) of 
      Palermo, Italy. Frequency of protein supplements use and association with dietary 
      behaviours were investigated. Subsequently, the frequency distribution was used 
      for demographic assessment. RESULTS: Frequency of protein consumption was similar 
      in both groups (30% for CC and 28.8% for SB). Males show greater consumption 
      percentages than females (30.5% in males and 6.9% in females). Milk and chicken 
      are the most frequently consumed foods. Data show that non-supplement users (NSU) 
      consume significantly more snacks and bakery products than supplement users (SU) 
      (P < 0.001). While, SU consume significantly higher quantities of vegetables, 
      nuts, fresh fish, eggs and canned tuna (P < 0.001). SU consume less low protein 
      food and higher protein foods than NSU. No differences were found between CC and 
      SB. CONCLUSIONS: Protein consumption among commercial gym users is 30% for the CC 
      and 28.8% for the SB. Significant differences were found between CC and SB 
      females, underlining an interesting discrepancy, indicating to dietary supplement 
      industries regarding regional implications. Subjects that use protein supplements 
      also consume larger quantities of high protein food compared to NSU. NSU also eat 
      higher proportions of unhealthy food compared to SU.
FAU - Bianco, Antonino
AU  - Bianco A
AD  - Sport and Exercises Research Unit, University of Palermo, Via Eleonora Duse, 
      2-90146 Palermo, Italy.
FAU - Mammina, Caterina
AU  - Mammina C
AD  - "G. D'Alessandro" Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child 
      Care, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 90129 Palermo, Italy.
FAU - Thomas, Ewan
AU  - Thomas E
AD  - Sport and Exercises Research Unit, University of Palermo, Via Eleonora Duse, 
      2-90146 Palermo, Italy.
FAU - Bellafiore, Marianna
AU  - Bellafiore M
AD  - Sport and Exercises Research Unit, University of Palermo, Via Eleonora Duse, 
      2-90146 Palermo, Italy.
FAU - Battaglia, Giuseppe
AU  - Battaglia G
AD  - Sport and Exercises Research Unit, University of Palermo, Via Eleonora Duse, 
      2-90146 Palermo, Italy.
FAU - Moro, Tatiana
AU  - Moro T
AD  - Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Via Manzolo 3, 35131 
      Padova, Italy.
FAU - Paoli, Antonio
AU  - Paoli A
AD  - Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Via Manzolo 3, 35131 
      Padova, Italy.
FAU - Palma, Antonio
AU  - Palma A
AD  - Sport and Exercises Research Unit, University of Palermo, Via Eleonora Duse, 
      2-90146 Palermo, Italy.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20140618
PL  - United States
TA  - J Int Soc Sports Nutr
JT  - Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
JID - 101234168
PMC - PMC4073191
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Dietary behaviour
OT  - Gym
OT  - Protein project
OT  - Protein supplements
OT  - Questionnaire
EDAT- 2014/07/01 06:00
MHDA- 2014/07/01 06:01
PMCR- 2014/06/18
CRDT- 2014/07/01 06:00
PHST- 2014/03/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/06/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/07/01 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/07/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/07/01 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2014/06/18 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 1550-2783-11-30 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/1550-2783-11-30 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2014 Jun 18;11:30. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-11-30. 
      eCollection 2014.