PMID- 24992460
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150603
LR  - 20140722
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 493
DP  - 2014 Sep 15
TI  - Pilot-scale incineration of wastes with high content of chlorinated and 
      non-halogenated organophosphorus flame retardants used as alternatives for PBDEs.
PG  - 672-81
LID - S0048-9697(14)00918-8 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.062 [doi]
AB  - Chlorinated and non-halogenated organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) 
      including tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), diethylene glycol 
      bis(di(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate) (DEG-BDCIPP), triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), 
      and bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BPA-BDPP) have been used increasingly as 
      alternatives to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and other brominated flame 
      retardants. For this study, five batches of incineration experiments of wastes 
      containing approximately 1% of TCIPP, DEG-BDCIPP, TPHP, and BPA-BDPP were 
      conducted using a pilot-scale incinerator. Destruction and emission behaviors of 
      OPFRs were investigated along with the effects on behaviors of unintentional 
      persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins 
      (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), dioxin-like polychlorinated 
      biphenyls (dl-PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), pentachlorobenzene (PeCB), and 
      pentachlorophenol (PCP). Incineration conditions were chosen according to current 
      regulations for waste incinerators in Japan and UNEP. The OPFRs in the input 
      materials were mainly destroyed in the primary combustion with destruction 
      efficiencies greater than 99.999%. Concentrations of the OPFRs in the exhaust 
      gases and ash were, respectively, <0.01-0.048 mug m(-3) and <0.5-68 mug kg(-1). 
      Almost all of the total phosphorus in the input materials was partitioned into 
      the ash, but less into final exit gases, indicating negligible emissions of 
      volatile phosphorus compounds during incineration. Inputs of chlorinated OPFRs 
      did not affect the formation markedly. Destruction and emission behaviors of 
      unintentional POPs were investigated. Emissions of such POPs in exhaust gases and 
      the ash were lower than the Japanese and international standards. Results show 
      that even in wastes with high contents of chlorinated and non-halogenated OPFRs, 
      waste incineration by the current regulations for the waste incinerators can 
      control environmental emissions of OPFRs and unintentional POPs. Incineration is 
      regarded as a best available technology (BAT) for waste management systems.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Matsukami, Hidenori
AU  - Matsukami H
AD  - Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for 
      Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan; Graduate 
      School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 
      277-8563, Japan. Electronic address: matsukami.hidenori@nies.go.jp.
FAU - Kose, Tomohiro
AU  - Kose T
AD  - Faculty of Applied Life Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life 
      Sciences, 265-1, Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata 956-8603, Japan.
FAU - Watanabe, Mafumi
AU  - Watanabe M
AD  - Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for 
      Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan.
FAU - Takigami, Hidetaka
AU  - Takigami H
AD  - Center for Material Cycles and Waste Management Research, National Institute for 
      Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan; Graduate 
      School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 
      277-8563, Japan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20140701
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - 0 (Flame Retardants)
RN  - 0 (Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers)
RN  - 0 (Organophosphorus Compounds)
SB  - IM
MH  - Flame Retardants/*analysis
MH  - Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/*analysis
MH  - Incineration/*methods
MH  - Japan
MH  - Organophosphorus Compounds/*analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Dioxin-related compounds
OT  - Incineration
OT  - Organophosphorus flame retardants
OT  - Persistent organic pollutants
EDAT- 2014/07/06 06:00
MHDA- 2015/06/04 06:00
CRDT- 2014/07/04 06:00
PHST- 2014/05/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/06/11 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2014/06/14 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/07/04 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/07/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/06/04 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0048-9697(14)00918-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.062 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2014 Sep 15;493:672-81. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.062. 
      Epub 2014 Jul 1.