PMID- 24993522 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20160329 LR - 20230210 IS - 1530-0285 (Electronic) IS - 0893-3952 (Print) IS - 0893-3952 (Linking) VI - 28 IP - 1 DP - 2015 Jan TI - PTEN loss is associated with upgrading of prostate cancer from biopsy to radical prostatectomy. PG - 128-137 LID - 10.1038/modpathol.2014.85 [doi] AB - When distinguishing between indolent and potentially harmful prostate cancers, the Gleason score is the most important variable, but may be inaccurate in biopsies due to tumor under-sampling. This study investigated whether a molecular feature, PTEN protein loss, could help identify which Gleason score 6 tumors on biopsy are likely to be upgraded at radical prostatectomy. Seventy one patients with Gleason score 6 tumors on biopsy upgraded to Gleason score 7 or higher at prostatectomy (cases) were compared with 103 patients with Gleason score 6 on both biopsy and prostatectomy (controls). A validated immunohistochemical assay for PTEN was performed, followed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to detect PTEN gene deletion in a subset. PTEN protein loss and clinical-pathologic variables were assessed by logistic regression. Upgraded patients were older than controls (61.8 vs 59.3 years), had higher pre-operative PSA levels (6.5 vs 5.3 ng/ml) and a higher fraction of involved cores (0.42 vs 0.36). PTEN loss by immunohistochemistry was found in 18% (13/71) of upgraded cases compared with 7% (7/103) of controls (P=0.02). Comparison between PTEN immunohistochemistry and PTEN FISH showed the assays were highly concordant, with 97% (65/67) of evaluated biopsies with intact PTEN protein lacking PTEN gene deletion, and 81% (13/16) of the biopsies with PTEN protein loss showing homozygous PTEN gene deletion. Tumors with PTEN protein loss were more likely to be upgraded at radical prostatectomy than those without loss, even after adjusting for age, preoperative PSA, clinical stage and race (odds ratio=3.04 (1.08-8.55; P=0.035)). PTEN loss in Gleason score 6 biopsies identifies a subset of prostate tumors at increased risk of upgrading at radical prostatectomy. These data provide evidence that a genetic event can improve Gleason score accuracy and highlight a path toward the clinical use of molecular markers to augment pathologic grading. FAU - Lotan, Tamara L AU - Lotan TL AD - Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. AD - Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. FAU - Carvalho, Filipe Lf AU - Carvalho FL AD - Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. FAU - Peskoe, Sarah B AU - Peskoe SB AD - Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. FAU - Hicks, Jessica L AU - Hicks JL AD - Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. FAU - Good, Jennifer AU - Good J AD - Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada. FAU - Fedor, Helen AU - Fedor H AD - Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. FAU - Humphreys, Elizabeth AU - Humphreys E AD - Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. FAU - Han, Misop AU - Han M AD - Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. FAU - Platz, Elizabeth A AU - Platz EA AD - Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. FAU - Squire, Jeremy A AU - Squire JA AD - Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada. AD - Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil. FAU - De Marzo, Angelo M AU - De Marzo AM AD - Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. AD - Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. AD - Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. FAU - Berman, David M AU - Berman DM AD - Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. AD - Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada. AD - Department of Urology and the James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. LA - eng GR - P50 CA058236/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States GR - T32 CA009337/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States GR - P50CA58236/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20140704 PL - United States TA - Mod Pathol JT - Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc JID - 8806605 RN - EC 3.1.3.67 (PTEN Phosphohydrolase) RN - EC 3.1.3.67 (PTEN protein, human) SB - IM MH - Aged MH - Biopsy MH - Humans MH - Immunohistochemistry MH - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Neoplasm Grading MH - PTEN Phosphohydrolase/*genetics MH - Prostatectomy MH - Prostatic Neoplasms/*genetics/*pathology/surgery PMC - PMC4282985 MID - NIHMS588442 EDAT- 2014/07/06 06:00 MHDA- 2016/03/30 06:00 PMCR- 2015/07/01 CRDT- 2014/07/05 06:00 PHST- 2014/02/14 00:00 [received] PHST- 2014/04/20 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2014/04/21 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/07/05 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/07/06 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2016/03/30 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2015/07/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - S0893-3952(22)03507-4 [pii] AID - 10.1038/modpathol.2014.85 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Mod Pathol. 2015 Jan;28(1):128-137. doi: 10.1038/modpathol.2014.85. Epub 2014 Jul 4.