PMID- 25009576
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140710
LR  - 20220408
IS  - 1743-7075 (Print)
IS  - 1743-7075 (Electronic)
IS  - 1743-7075 (Linking)
VI  - 11
DP  - 2014
TI  - Promotion of immune and glycaemic functions in streptozotocin-induced diabetic 
      rats treated with un-denatured camel milk whey proteins.
PG  - 31
LID - 10.1186/1743-7075-11-31 [doi]
AB  - T cell mediated autoimmune diabetes is characterized by immune cell infiltration 
      of pancreatic islets and destruction of insulin-producing beta-cells. This study was 
      designed to assess the effect of whey proteins (WP) on the responsiveness of 
      lymphocytes in rats after four months of Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced Type 1 
      diabetes (T1D). A diabetic group was supplemented with WP daily for five weeks at 
      a dose of 100 mg/kg. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted from stimulated 
      lymphocytes in order to analyse gene expressions using real time PCR and RT-PCR. 
      PCR results were confirmed with ELISA. The proliferation capacity of lymphocytes 
      and their homing to the spleen were studied. Antigen-activated lymphocytes showed 
      that diabetes impaired the mRNA expression of the protein kinase B (Akt1), Cdc42, 
      and the co-stimulatory molecule, CD28, which are important for cell survival, 
      actin polymerization and T cell activation, respectively. Accordingly, 
      proliferation of lymphocytes was found to be suppressed in diabetic rats, both in 
      vivo and in vitro. WP was found to restore Akt1, Cdc42 and CD28 mRNA expression 
      during diabetes to normal levels. WP, therefore, served to activate the 
      proliferation of B lymphocytes in diabetic rats both in vivo and in vitro. 
      Although WP was found to up-regulate mRNA expression of both interleukin (IL)-2 
      and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), it suppressed the proliferation activity of almost 
      all T cell subsets. This was confirmed by WP normalizing the structure and 
      function of ss cells. Meanwhile, WP was found to down regulate the mRNA expression 
      of Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and its programmed cell death-receptor 
      (Fas). Taken together, the results of this study provide evidence for the 
      potential impact of WP in the treatment of immune impairment in T1D, suggesting 
      that it serves to reverse autoimmunity by suppressing autoreactive T cells and 
      down regulating TNF-alpha and Fas, resulting in improved pancreatic ss cell structure 
      and function.
FAU - Ebaid, Hossam
AU  - Ebaid H
AD  - Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, 
      Riyadh, KSA ; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, El-Minia University, 
      El-Minia, Egypt.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20140701
PL  - England
TA  - Nutr Metab (Lond)
JT  - Nutrition & metabolism
JID - 101231644
PMC - PMC4087124
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Lymphocyte proliferation
OT  - Pancreatic ss cells
OT  - T and B cells
OT  - Type 1 diabetes-rat model
OT  - Whey protein
EDAT- 2014/07/11 06:00
MHDA- 2014/07/11 06:01
PMCR- 2014/07/01
CRDT- 2014/07/11 06:00
PHST- 2014/05/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/06/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/07/11 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/07/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/07/11 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2014/07/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 1743-7075-11-31 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/1743-7075-11-31 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Nutr Metab (Lond). 2014 Jul 1;11:31. doi: 10.1186/1743-7075-11-31. eCollection 
      2014.