PMID- 25010201 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20150819 LR - 20211021 IS - 1520-6882 (Electronic) IS - 0003-2700 (Print) IS - 0003-2700 (Linking) VI - 86 IP - 15 DP - 2014 Aug 5 TI - Reagentless, ratiometric electrochemical DNA sensors with improved robustness and reproducibility. PG - 8010-6 LID - 10.1021/ac5025254 [doi] AB - To make the electrochemical DNA sensors (E-sensor) more robust and reproducible, we have now for the first time adapted the techniques of ratiometric analyses to the field of E-sensors. We did this via the simple expedient way of simultaneously using two redox probes: Methylene blue as the reporter of the conformational change, and ferrocene as an internal control. During the conformational transduction, only the distance between the signal probe and the electrode surface undergoes an appreciable change, while the distance between the control probe and the electrode remains relatively constant. This special design has allowed very reliable target recognition, as illustrated in this report using a human T-lymphotropic virus type I gene fragment. The standard deviation between measurements obtained using different electrodes was an order of magnitude less than that obtained using a classic E-sensor, which we prepared as a control. A limit of detection of 25.1 pM was obtained with our new system, with a single mismatch discrimination factor of 2.33 likewise being observed. Additionally, this concept had general applicability, and preliminary data of a "Signal-On" ratiometric E-sensor are also provided. Taken in concert, these results serve to validate the utility of what we believe will emerge as an easily generalized approach to oligonucleotide recognition and sensing. FAU - Du, Yan AU - Du Y AD - Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States. FAU - Lim, Byung Joon AU - Lim BJ FAU - Li, Bingling AU - Li B FAU - Jiang, Yu Sherry AU - Jiang YS FAU - Sessler, Jonathan L AU - Sessler JL FAU - Ellington, Andrew D AU - Ellington AD LA - eng GR - R01 CA068682/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States GR - CA 68682/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. DEP - 20140718 PL - United States TA - Anal Chem JT - Analytical chemistry JID - 0370536 RN - 0 (DNA Probes) RN - 9007-49-2 (DNA) SB - IM MH - Base Sequence MH - DNA/*chemistry MH - DNA Probes MH - Electrochemical Techniques/*instrumentation MH - Genes, Viral MH - Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/genetics MH - Reproducibility of Results PMC - PMC4372097 EDAT- 2014/07/11 06:00 MHDA- 2015/08/20 06:00 PMCR- 2015/07/10 CRDT- 2014/07/11 06:00 PHST- 2014/07/11 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/07/11 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2015/08/20 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2015/07/10 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1021/ac5025254 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Anal Chem. 2014 Aug 5;86(15):8010-6. doi: 10.1021/ac5025254. Epub 2014 Jul 18.