PMID- 25031838
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140717
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 2052-1847 (Print)
IS  - 2052-1847 (Electronic)
IS  - 2052-1847 (Linking)
VI  - 6
DP  - 2014
TI  - Aerobic exercise modulates intracortical inhibition and facilitation in a 
      nonexercised upper limb muscle.
PG  - 23
LID - 10.1186/2052-1847-6-23 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Despite growing interest in the relationship between exercise and 
      short-term neural plasticity, the effects of exercise on motor cortical (M1) 
      excitability are not well studied. Acute, lower-limb aerobic exercise may 
      potentially modulate M1 excitability in working muscles, but the effects on 
      muscles not involved in the exercise are unknown. Here we examined the 
      excitability changes in an upper limb muscle representation following a single 
      session of lower body aerobic exercise. Investigating the response to exercise in 
      a non-exercised muscle may help to determine the clinical usefulness of 
      lower-body exercise interventions for upper limb neurorehabilitation. METHODS: In 
      this study, transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to assess input-output 
      curves, short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), long-interval 
      intracortical inhibition (LICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF) in the 
      extensor carpi radialis muscle in twelve healthy individuals following a single 
      session of moderate stationary biking. Additionally, we examined whether the 
      presence of a common polymorphism of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) 
      gene would affect the response of these measures to exercise. RESULTS: We 
      observed significant increases in ICF and decreases in SICI following exercise. 
      No changes in LICI were detected, and no differences were observed in 
      input-output curves following exercise, or between BDNF groups. CONCLUSIONS: The 
      current results demonstrate that the modulation of intracortical excitability 
      following aerobic exercise is not limited to those muscles involved in the 
      exercise, and that while exercise does not directly modulate the excitability of 
      motor neurons, it may facilitate the induction of experience-dependent plasticity 
      via a decrease in intracortical inhibition and increase in intracortical 
      facilitation. These findings indicate that exercise may create favourable 
      conditions for adaptive plasticity in M1 and may be an effective adjunct to 
      traditional training or rehabilitation methods.
FAU - Singh, Amaya M
AU  - Singh AM
AD  - Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, 
      Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
FAU - Duncan, Robin E
AU  - Duncan RE
AD  - Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, 
      Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
FAU - Neva, Jason L
AU  - Neva JL
AD  - Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, 
      Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
FAU - Staines, W Richard
AU  - Staines WR
AD  - Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, 
      Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20140621
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil
JT  - BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation
JID - 101605016
PMC - PMC4100033
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Aerobic exercise
OT  - Intracortical facilitation
OT  - Intracortical inhibition
OT  - Primary motor cortex
OT  - Transcranial magnetic stimulation
EDAT- 2014/07/18 06:00
MHDA- 2014/07/18 06:01
PMCR- 2014/06/21
CRDT- 2014/07/18 06:00
PHST- 2013/09/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/06/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/07/18 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/07/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/07/18 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2014/06/21 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 2052-1847-6-23 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/2052-1847-6-23 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2014 Jun 21;6:23. doi: 10.1186/2052-1847-6-23. 
      eCollection 2014.