PMID- 25044614
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20160419
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 1942-7611 (Electronic)
IS  - 1942-7603 (Linking)
VI  - 7
IP  - 5
DP  - 2015 May
TI  - Development, optimization, and validation of a novel extraction procedure for the 
      removal of opiates from human hair's surface.
PG  - 385-92
LID - 10.1002/dta.1695 [doi]
AB  - Room temperature ionic liquids (ILs) have proved to be efficient extraction media 
      for several systems, and their ability to capture volatile compounds from the 
      atmosphere is well established. We report herein a contactless extraction 
      procedure for the removal of opiate drugs from the surface of human hair. The 
      compounds were chosen as a model drug, particularly due to their low volatility. 
      Equal amounts of IL and hair (about 100 mg) were introduced in a customized 
      Y-shaped vial, and the process occurred simply by heating. After testing several 
      ILs, some of them (e.g. 1-methyl-3-ethanol-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 
      phenyl-trimethyl-ammonium triflate or bis(dimethyl) diheptylguanidinium iodide) 
      showed extraction efficiencies higher than 80% for the two studied compounds, 
      morphine and 6-monoacetylmorphine. Using the design of experiments (DOE) approach 
      as an optimization tool, and bearing in mind the hygroscopic properties of the 
      ILs (in particular, 1-methyl-3-ethanol-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate), the 
      process was optimized concerning the following variables: temperature (50-120 
       masculineC), extraction time (8-24 h), IL amount (50-200 mg) and water content of the IL 
      (0.01-60%). This study not only provided the optimum conditions for the process 
      (120  masculineC, 16 h, 100 mg of IL containing 40% of water), but has also showed that 
      the water content of the IL represents the variable with the most significant 
      effect on the extraction efficiency. Finally, we validated our method through the 
      comparison of the results obtained by treating hair samples with the described 
      procedure to those obtained using a standard washing method and criteria for 
      positivity.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FAU - Restolho, Jose
AU  - Restolho J
AD  - Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.ULisboa), 
      Faculdade de Farmacia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, 
      Lisboa, Portugal.
AD  - Centro de Quimica Estrutural do Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade de 
      Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal.
FAU - Barroso, Mario
AU  - Barroso M
AD  - Servico de Quimica e Toxicologia Forenses, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e 
      Ciencias Forenses, IP - Delegacao do Sul, Rua Manuel Bento de Sousa, 3, 1169-201, 
      Lisboa, Portugal.
FAU - Saramago, Benilde
AU  - Saramago B
AD  - Centro de Quimica Estrutural do Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade de 
      Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal.
FAU - Dias, Mario
AU  - Dias M
AD  - Servico de Quimica e Toxicologia Forenses, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e 
      Ciencias Forenses, IP - Delegacao do Sul, Rua Manuel Bento de Sousa, 3, 1169-201, 
      Lisboa, Portugal.
FAU - Afonso, Carlos A M
AU  - Afonso CA
AD  - Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.ULisboa), 
      Faculdade de Farmacia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, 
      Lisboa, Portugal.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Validation Study
DEP - 20140715
PL  - England
TA  - Drug Test Anal
JT  - Drug testing and analysis
JID - 101483449
RN  - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid)
RN  - 0 (Ionic Liquids)
RN  - 0 (Morphine Derivatives)
RN  - M5E47P1ZCH (6-O-monoacetylmorphine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Analgesics, Opioid/*isolation & purification
MH  - Hair/*chemistry
MH  - Humans
MH  - Ionic Liquids/*chemistry
MH  - Morphine Derivatives/*isolation & purification
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - DOE
OT  - contactless extraction
OT  - decontamination
OT  - hair
OT  - ionic liquids
OT  - opiates
EDAT- 2014/07/22 06:00
MHDA- 2016/04/20 06:00
CRDT- 2014/07/22 06:00
PHST- 2014/03/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/06/16 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2014/06/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/07/22 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/07/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/04/20 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1002/dta.1695 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Drug Test Anal. 2015 May;7(5):385-92. doi: 10.1002/dta.1695. Epub 2014 Jul 15.