PMID- 25058513
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20161213
LR  - 20161230
IS  - 1549-7828 (Electronic)
IS  - 1040-841X (Linking)
VI  - 42
IP  - 2
DP  - 2016
TI  - Microbial degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid: Insight into the enzymes 
      and catabolic genes involved, their regulation and biotechnological implications.
PG  - 194-208
LID - 10.3109/1040841X.2014.917068 [doi]
AB  - A considerable progress has been made to understand the mechanisms of 
      biodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). 2,4-D biodegradation 
      pathway has been elucidated in many microorganisms including Cupriavidus necator 
      JMP134 (previously known as Wautersia eutropha, Ralstonia eutropha and 
      Alcaligenes eutrophus) and Pseudomonas strains. It generally involves the side 
      chain removal of 2,4-D by alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent 2,4-D dioxygenase (tfdA) to 
      form 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP); hydroxylation of 2,4-DCP by 2,4-DCP 
      hydroxylase (tfdB) to form dichlorocatechol; ortho or meta cleavage of 
      dichlorocatechol by chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase (tfdC) to form 
      2,4-dichloro-cis,cis-muconate; conversion of 2,4-dichloro-cis,cis-muconate to 
      2-chlorodienelactone by chloromuconate cycloisomerase (tfdD); conversion of 
      2-chlorodienelactone to 2-chloromaleylacetate by chlorodienelactone hydrolase 
      (tfdE) and, finally, conversion of 2-chloromaleylacetate to 3-oxoadepate via 
      maleylacetate by chloromaleylacetate reductase and maleylacetate reductase 
      (tfdF), respectively, which is funnelled to the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The 
      latest review on microbial breakdown of 2,4-D, other halogenated aromatic 
      pesticides, and related compounds was compiled by Haggblom, however, a 
      considerable progress has been made in this area of research since then. Thus, 
      this review focuses on the recent advancement on 2,4-D biodegradation, the 
      enzymes, and genes involved and their biotechlogical implications.
FAU - Kumar, Ajit
AU  - Kumar A
AD  - a Department of Microbiology , School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, 
      Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu Natal , Westville Campus , Durban 
      , South Africa and.
FAU - Trefault, Nicole
AU  - Trefault N
AD  - b Centro de Genomicay Bioinformatica, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidad 
      Mayor, Campus Huechuraba, Camino a La Piramide , Santiago , Chile.
FAU - Olaniran, Ademola Olufolahan
AU  - Olaniran AO
AD  - a Department of Microbiology , School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, 
      Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu Natal , Westville Campus , Durban 
      , South Africa and.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20140724
PL  - England
TA  - Crit Rev Microbiol
JT  - Critical reviews in microbiology
JID - 8914274
RN  - 2577AQ9262 (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid)
RN  - 4EMM3U5P3K (4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid)
SB  - IM
MH  - 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid/analogs & derivatives/*metabolism
MH  - Bacteria/genetics/metabolism
MH  - *Biodegradation, Environmental
MH  - *Biotechnology/methods
MH  - Evolution, Molecular
MH  - Fungi/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
MH  - Humans
MH  - Metabolic Networks and Pathways
MH  - *Microbiological Techniques/methods
MH  - Nanoparticles
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cupriviadus necator JMP134, 2-chloromaleylacetate, dichlorocatechol, 
      dichlorophenol, 2,4-dichloro-cis,cis-muconate, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 
      maleylacetate, tfd genes
EDAT- 2014/07/25 06:00
MHDA- 2016/12/15 06:00
CRDT- 2014/07/25 06:00
PHST- 2014/07/25 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/07/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2016/12/15 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.3109/1040841X.2014.917068 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Crit Rev Microbiol. 2016;42(2):194-208. doi: 10.3109/1040841X.2014.917068. Epub 
      2014 Jul 24.