PMID- 25058584
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20151113
LR  - 20240314
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 7
DP  - 2014
TI  - The impact of maternal cigarette smoke exposure in a rodent model on renal 
      development in the offspring.
PG  - e103443
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0103443 [doi]
LID - e103443
AB  - This study aimed to investigate whether maternal cigarette smoke exposure can 
      disrupt fetal kidney development by changing the expression of growth and 
      transcription factors essential for renal development, and thereafter predispose 
      the offspring to chronic kidney disease later in life. Female Balb/c mice (6 
      weeks) were exposed either to cigarette smoke or air under identical conditions, 
      6 weeks prior to mating, during gestation and during lactation. Male offspring 
      were sacrificed at three time points, postnatal day (P)1, P20 (weaning age), and 
      13 weeks (mature age). Blood, urine, and kidneys were collected for analysis. At 
      P1, the developmental genes fibroblast growth factor 2, glial cell-line derived 
      neurotrophic factor and paired box 2 were upregulated at mRNA and protein levels; 
      whilst fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 7 and FGF10 were downregulated. At P20, 
      mRNA expression of FGF2, FGF10 and Wingless-type 4 was upregulated by maternal 
      smoke exposure. These changes were normalised in adulthood. Nephron development 
      was delayed, with fewer nephron numbers from P1 persisted to adulthood; while 
      glomerular volume was increased at P20 but reduced in adulthood. Pro-inflammatory 
      marker monocyte chemoatractant protein 1 (MCP1) was increased in the kidney by 
      maternal smoke exposure. These changes were accompanied by an increased 
      albumin/creatinine ratio in adulthood, suggesting reduced renal dysfunction. In 
      conclusion maternal cigarette smoke exposure prior to and during pregnancy, as 
      well as lactation leads to significant renal underdevelopment and functional 
      abnormalities in adulthood. This study confirms the hypothesis that maternal 
      smoking predisposes offspring to chronic kidney disorders.
FAU - Al-Odat, Ibrahim
AU  - Al-Odat I
AD  - School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Technology Sydney, 
      Ultimo, NSW, Australia; Renal Medicine, Kolling Institute, St Leonards, NSW, 
      Australia.
FAU - Chen, Hui
AU  - Chen H
AD  - School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Technology Sydney, 
      Ultimo, NSW, Australia.
FAU - Chan, Yik Lung
AU  - Chan YL
AD  - School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Technology Sydney, 
      Ultimo, NSW, Australia.
FAU - Amgad, Sawiris
AU  - Amgad S
AD  - Renal Medicine, Kolling Institute, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.
FAU - Wong, Muh Geot
AU  - Wong MG
AD  - Renal Medicine, Kolling Institute, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.
FAU - Gill, Anthony
AU  - Gill A
AD  - Anatomical pathology, Northern Clinical School, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.
FAU - Pollock, Carol
AU  - Pollock C
AD  - Renal Medicine, Kolling Institute, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.
FAU - Saad, Sonia
AU  - Saad S
AD  - Renal Medicine, Kolling Institute, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20140724
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (Albumins)
RN  - 0 (Chemokine CCL2)
RN  - AYI8EX34EU (Creatinine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Albumins/metabolism
MH  - Animals
MH  - Chemokine CCL2/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Creatinine/metabolism
MH  - Female
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/*drug effects
MH  - Male
MH  - Maternal Exposure/*adverse effects
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred BALB C
MH  - Models, Animal
MH  - Nephrons/metabolism/*pathology/physiopathology
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/chemically induced/*metabolism/pathology
MH  - Smoking/*adverse effects
PMC - PMC4110029
COIS- Competing Interests: There is no financial conflict of interest for all the 
      authors.
EDAT- 2014/07/25 06:00
MHDA- 2015/11/14 06:00
PMCR- 2014/07/24
CRDT- 2014/07/25 06:00
PHST- 2014/03/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/07/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/07/25 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/07/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/11/14 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2014/07/24 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-14-09675 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0103443 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2014 Jul 24;9(7):e103443. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103443. 
      eCollection 2014.