PMID- 25058847
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150519
LR  - 20171116
IS  - 1095-9947 (Electronic)
IS  - 1050-4648 (Linking)
VI  - 40
IP  - 2
DP  - 2014 Oct
TI  - Aryl hydrocarbon receptor protein and Cyp1A1 gene induction by LPS and 
      phenanthrene in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) head kidney cells.
PG  - 384-91
LID - S1050-4648(14)00263-0 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.07.022 [doi]
AB  - The objective of this study was to evaluate interactions between environmental 
      toxicants and cod immune cells during inflammation. Phenanthrene is abundant in 
      plant oils (rapeseed, palm, and soya oil) as compared to fish oils, and 
      consequently constitute an undesirable element in plant replacement diets in 
      aquaculture. Phenanthrene was added to head kidney cell cultures, alone or 
      together with LPS (lipopolysaccharide) or poly I: C (polyinosinic acid: 
      polycytidylic acid), and the responses were evaluated in terms of protein and 
      gene expression. The results showed that LPS, poly I: C or phenanthrene, added to 
      the cultures separately, induced aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) protein 
      expression. Phenanthrene treatment in combination with LPS induced AhR protein 
      expression and Cyp1A1 gene transcription, which not was observed combining poly 
      I: C and phenanthrene. Phenanthrene exposure up regulated the transcription of 
      common stress and detoxification enzymes like catalase, caspase 3 and glutathione 
      S-transferase alfa 3 subunit B (GSTAB3), while LPS exposure alone or combined 
      with phenanthrene down regulated GSTAB3 and catalase in cod leukocytes. It seems 
      clear that immune regulation and phenanthrene induced signaling pathways 
      interact; transcriptional down regulation of detoxification and antioxidant 
      enzymes by LPS could indicate that combating bacterial infections is the number 
      one priority in these cells, and that AhR and Cyp1A1 is somehow involved in this 
      signaling cascade. LPS seems to affect the mitogen activated protein kinases 
      (MAPKs) pathways (P-p38 and ERK1/2) thus modulating the AhR protein and Cyp1A1 
      gene transcription, while phenanthrene possibly activates AhR by ligand binding.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Holen, Elisabeth
AU  - Holen E
AD  - National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), P. B. 2029 Nordnes, 
      5817 Bergen, Norway. Electronic address: eho@nifes.no.
FAU - Olsvik, Pal Asgeir
AU  - Olsvik PA
AD  - National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), P. B. 2029 Nordnes, 
      5817 Bergen, Norway.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20140722
PL  - England
TA  - Fish Shellfish Immunol
JT  - Fish & shellfish immunology
JID - 9505220
RN  - 0 (Fish Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Lipopolysaccharides)
RN  - 0 (Phenanthrenes)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon)
RN  - 448J8E5BST (phenanthrene)
RN  - EC 1.14.14.1 (Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1)
RN  - O84C90HH2L (Poly I-C)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animal Feed/analysis
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Fish Proteins/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Gadus morhua/*genetics/*immunology/metabolism
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation/*drug effects
MH  - Head Kidney/metabolism
MH  - Lipopolysaccharides/physiology
MH  - Phenanthrenes/*pharmacology
MH  - Poly I-C/pharmacology
MH  - Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary
MH  - Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/*genetics/metabolism
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - AhR
OT  - CYP1A1
OT  - LPS
OT  - Pheneanthrene
OT  - poly I:C
EDAT- 2014/07/25 06:00
MHDA- 2015/05/20 06:00
CRDT- 2014/07/25 06:00
PHST- 2014/03/26 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/07/10 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2014/07/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/07/25 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/07/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/05/20 06:00 [medline]
AID - S1050-4648(14)00263-0 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.07.022 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2014 Oct;40(2):384-91. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.07.022. 
      Epub 2014 Jul 22.