PMID- 25069249
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140925
LR  - 20140729
IS  - 1340-2544 (Print)
IS  - 1340-2544 (Linking)
VI  - 33
IP  - 4
DP  - 2013 Aug
TI  - [Localization and functions of the D-neuron: significance in pathogenesis of 
      schizophrenia].
PG  - 141-7
AB  - The author proposes the "D-cell hypothesis" for molecular basis of the mesolimbic 
      dopamine (DA) hyperactivity of schizophrenia. D-neurons, which were defined as 
      "non-monoaminergic aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC)-containing cells", 
      produce trace amines (TAs), such as tyramine, phenylethylamine (PEA) and 
      tryptamine. D-neurons may also take up amine precursors, and may convert them to 
      amines by decarboxylation. The author's preliminary report showed that the number 
      of AADC-containing neurons, that is D-neurons, was reduced in the striatum and 
      nucleus accumbens of patients with schizophrenia. TA-associated receptor type 1 
      (TAAR1) has been shown to have a number of ligands, such as tyramine, PEA, 
      methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and lysergic acid 
      diethylamide (LSD), that may change human mental states. In patients with 
      schizophrenia, the reduction of striatal D-neurons and possible decrease of 
      striatal TA, is caused by neural stem cell dysfunction in the subventricular zone 
      of the lateral ventricle. The reduced stimulation of TAAR1 on terminals of 
      ventral tegmental area (VTA) DA neurons increases the firing frequency of VTA DA 
      neurons, as recently published reports have shown, resulting in mesolimbic DA 
      hyperactivity. In addition, increased DA D2 receptor stimulation, caused by 
      striatal DA hyperactivity, may suppress forebrain neural stem cell proliferation, 
      and would cause an additional decrease of D-neurons.
FAU - Ikemoto, Keiko
AU  - Ikemoto K
LA  - jpn
PT  - English Abstract
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - Japan
TA  - Nihon Shinkei Seishin Yakurigaku Zasshi
JT  - Nihon shinkei seishin yakurigaku zasshi = Japanese journal of psychopharmacology
JID - 9509023
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Dopamine D2)
RN  - VTD58H1Z2X (Dopamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Brain/cytology/metabolism
MH  - Dopamine/*metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Nerve Degeneration/metabolism/pathology
MH  - Neurons/*cytology/metabolism
MH  - Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism
MH  - Schizophrenia/*metabolism/pathology
EDAT- 2014/07/30 06:00
MHDA- 2014/09/26 06:00
CRDT- 2014/07/30 06:00
PHST- 2014/07/30 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/07/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/09/26 06:00 [medline]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nihon Shinkei Seishin Yakurigaku Zasshi. 2013 Aug;33(4):141-7.