PMID- 25074484
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150617
LR  - 20220330
IS  - 1460-9592 (Electronic)
IS  - 1155-5645 (Linking)
VI  - 24
IP  - 11
DP  - 2014 Nov
TI  - Perception of pediatric pain: a comparison of postoperative pain assessments 
      between child, parent, nurse, and independent observer.
PG  - 1127-31
LID - 10.1111/pan.12484 [doi]
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Pain is a subjective experience. In children with limited 
      understanding and communication skills, reliable assessment of pain is 
      challenging. Self-reporting of pain is the gold standard of pain measurement. For 
      children who are unable to self-report their pain, assessments made by their 
      parents are often used as a proxy measure. The validity of this approach has not 
      been conclusively determined. AIM: To investigate differences in the assessment 
      of pediatric pain between children, parents, nurses, and independent observers in 
      the acute postoperative setting. METHOD: Three hundred and seven children (207 
      verbal, 100 nonverbal) undergoing elective day-case surgery were asked to 
      participate in this quality of care audit. Pain scores given by verbal children, 
      their parents, nurses, and independent observers were collected. A numerical 
      rating scale or the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale was used. All participants were 
      blinded from other scorers. RESULTS: For verbal children, scores reported by 
      patients and their parents did not differ significantly. Median [inter-quartile 
      range (IQR)] scores by children, parents, nurses, and independent observers were, 
      respectively, 2.0 (0-4.0), 2.0 (1.0-4.0), 0.0 (0-2.0), and 1.0 (0-2.0). In 
      nonverbal children, median (IQR) scores by parents, nurses, and independent 
      observers were 1.0 (0-3.0), 0 (0-1.0), and 0 (0-2.0), respectively. The agreement 
      between the different scorers was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: 
      Children's pain self-reports should be used wherever possible to guide 
      management, but in their absence, parental pain scores can be reliably used as a 
      surrogate measure. Nurses and independent observers produce lower pain scores 
      than parents or children, which may result in inadequate treatment of pain.
CI  - (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
FAU - Khin Hla, Thel
AU  - Khin Hla T
AD  - Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Princess Margaret Hospital for 
      Children, Perth, WA, Australia.
FAU - Hegarty, Mary
AU  - Hegarty M
FAU - Russell, Phil
AU  - Russell P
FAU - Drake-Brockman, Thomas F
AU  - Drake-Brockman TF
FAU - Ramgolam, Anoop
AU  - Ramgolam A
FAU - von Ungern-Sternberg, Britta S
AU  - von Ungern-Sternberg BS
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20140730
PL  - France
TA  - Paediatr Anaesth
JT  - Paediatric anaesthesia
JID - 9206575
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Age Factors
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant
MH  - Male
MH  - Nurses/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Pain Measurement/*methods
MH  - Pain, Postoperative/*diagnosis
MH  - *Parents
MH  - Pediatrics/methods
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - *Self Report
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - child
OT  - pain
OT  - parent
OT  - pediatric anesthesia
OT  - perception
OT  - postoperative
EDAT- 2014/07/31 06:00
MHDA- 2015/06/18 06:00
CRDT- 2014/07/31 06:00
PHST- 2014/06/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/07/31 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/07/31 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/06/18 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1111/pan.12484 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Paediatr Anaesth. 2014 Nov;24(11):1127-31. doi: 10.1111/pan.12484. Epub 2014 Jul 
      30.