PMID- 25081946
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150720
LR  - 20151119
IS  - 1873-1716 (Electronic)
IS  - 0167-5877 (Linking)
VI  - 117
IP  - 1
DP  - 2014 Nov 1
TI  - Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of important pig viral diseases in 
      Bhutan.
PG  - 222-32
LID - S0167-5877(14)00221-9 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.07.005 [doi]
AB  - A cross-sectional serological study was conducted in Bhutan between October 2011 
      and February 2012 to determine the prevalence of antibodies to classical swine 
      fever virus (CSFV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), 
      porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), swine influenza virus (SIV) subtype H1N1 and 
      Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV). Furthermore, risk factors for the seropositive 
      status were investigated. Antibodies to SIV, subtype H1N1 (likely pandemic H1N1 
      2009) were detected in 49% of the pigs in the government farms, and 8% of the 
      village backyard pigs. For PCV2, these percentages were 73% and 37% respectively. 
      For CSFV, the percentages were closer together, with 62% and 52% respectively. It 
      should be taken into consideration that vaccination of piglets is routine in the 
      government herds, and that piglets distributed to backyard farms are also 
      vaccinated. No direct evidence of CSFV infections was found, either by clinical 
      signs or virus isolation. Antibodies to PRRSV and Aujeszky's disease, on the 
      other hand, were not found at all. Risk factors found are mainly related to 
      practices of swill feeding and other biosecurity measures. For CSFV, these were 
      swill feeding (OR=2.25, 95% CI: 1.01-4.99) and contact with neighbour's pigs 
      (OR=0.31, 95% CI: 0.13-0.75). For PCV2 this was lending of boars for local 
      breeding purposes (OR=3.30, 95% CI: 1.43-7.59). The results of this study showed 
      that PCV2 and SIV infections are important in pigs in Bhutan and thus appropriate 
      control strategies need to be designed and applied which could involve strict 
      regulation on the import of live pigs and vaccination against these diseases.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Monger, V R
AU  - Monger VR
AD  - Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, Department of Virology, P.O. Box 
      65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands; National Centre for Animal Health, 
      Department of Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, Thimphu, Bhutan. 
      Electronic address: reekraika@yahoo.com.
FAU - Stegeman, J A
AU  - Stegeman JA
AD  - Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht 
      University, Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
FAU - Koop, G
AU  - Koop G
AD  - Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht 
      University, Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
FAU - Dukpa, K
AU  - Dukpa K
AD  - National Centre for Animal Health, Department of Livestock, Ministry of 
      Agriculture and Forests, Thimphu, Bhutan.
FAU - Tenzin, T
AU  - Tenzin T
AD  - National Centre for Animal Health, Department of Livestock, Ministry of 
      Agriculture and Forests, Thimphu, Bhutan.
FAU - Loeffen, W L A
AU  - Loeffen WL
AD  - Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, Department of Virology, P.O. Box 
      65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20140721
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Prev Vet Med
JT  - Preventive veterinary medicine
JID - 8217463
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Viral)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animal Husbandry
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antibodies, Viral/blood
MH  - Bhutan/epidemiology
MH  - Data Collection
MH  - Housing, Animal
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Seroepidemiologic Studies
MH  - Surveys and Questionnaires
MH  - Swine
MH  - Swine Diseases/blood/epidemiology/*virology
MH  - Virus Diseases/epidemiology/*veterinary/virology
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Aujeszky's disease virus
OT  - Bhutan
OT  - Classical swine fever virus
OT  - ELISA
OT  - Haemagglutination test
OT  - Pig viral diseases
OT  - Porcine circovirus
OT  - Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
OT  - Seroprevalence
OT  - Swine influenza virus
OT  - Virus neutralization test
EDAT- 2014/08/02 06:00
MHDA- 2015/07/21 06:00
CRDT- 2014/08/02 06:00
PHST- 2014/04/08 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/07/04 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2014/07/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/08/02 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/08/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/07/21 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0167-5877(14)00221-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.07.005 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Prev Vet Med. 2014 Nov 1;117(1):222-32. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.07.005. 
      Epub 2014 Jul 21.