PMID- 25088263
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150512
LR  - 20191112
IS  - 1875-6336 (Electronic)
IS  - 1573-3963 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 2
DP  - 2014
TI  - Renal venous thrombosis in neonates.
PG  - 101-6
AB  - Neonatal renal vein thrombosis (RVT) is associated with potentially serious 
      morbidities. Almost 80% of cases of RVT present within the first postnatal month. 
      The most common risk factors for RVT are birth asphyxia/ in utero fetal distress, 
      being the infant of a diabetic mother, volume contraction and coagulation 
      abnormalities. Thrombus formation may be initiated by vascular injury, diminished 
      vascular flow, increased blood viscosity, hyperosmolality or underlying 
      thrombophilia. The classic triad of RVT includes gross hematuria, flank mass 
      (unilateral or bilateral enlargement of kidneys) and thrombocytopenia. Laboratory 
      tests may reveal hematuria, proteinuria, polycythemia, hemolytic anemia, 
      thrombocytopenia and possibly acute kidney injury. The etiology for a 
      hypercoagulable state should be investigated. Renal ultrasound with Doppler may 
      show increased size of the affected kidney, increased echogenicity and loss of 
      corticomedullary differentiation. Renal venography remains the gold standard for 
      the diagnosis of RVT. Other causes of renal enlargement must be considered. 
      Supportive treatment includes correction of fluid and electrolyte disturbances 
      and treatment of infection and underlying pathophysiologic abnormalities. Use of 
      unfractionated heparin (UFH) or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) should be 
      considered if there is evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation. 
      Conventional anticoagulants may attenuate hypercoagulability and decrease the 
      risk for thrombus progression and embolism. Surgery is rarely indicated unless 
      there is bilateral involvement with involvement of the IVC. RVT carries the risk 
      of hypertension and chronic kidney disease.
FAU - Moudgil, Asha
AU  - Moudgil A
AD  - Professor of Pediatrics, Attending, Nephrologist, Children's National Medical 
      Center, 111 Michigan Ave NW, WW 1.5, Suite 100, Washington, DC, USA 20010.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - United Arab Emirates
TA  - Curr Pediatr Rev
JT  - Current pediatric reviews
JID - 101240290
RN  - 0 (Anticoagulants)
RN  - 0 (Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acute Kidney Injury/diagnostic imaging/*pathology/prevention & control
MH  - Anticoagulants/therapeutic use
MH  - Asphyxia Neonatorum/complications/diagnostic imaging/*physiopathology
MH  - Fetal Distress/complications/diagnostic imaging/*physiopathology
MH  - Glomerular Filtration Rate
MH  - Hematuria/pathology
MH  - Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight/therapeutic use
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant
MH  - Infant, Newborn
MH  - Prognosis
MH  - Renal Veins/*diagnostic imaging
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Thrombophilia/pathology
MH  - *Ultrasonography, Doppler
MH  - Venous Thrombosis/diagnostic imaging/*physiopathology/therapy
EDAT- 2014/08/05 06:00
MHDA- 2015/05/13 06:00
CRDT- 2014/08/05 06:00
PHST- 2013/06/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/10/14 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2014/02/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/08/05 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/08/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/05/13 06:00 [medline]
AID - CPR-60456 [pii]
AID - 10.2174/157339631002140513101845 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Curr Pediatr Rev. 2014;10(2):101-6. doi: 10.2174/157339631002140513101845.