PMID- 25089165
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1932-7447 (Print)
IS  - 1932-7455 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-7447 (Linking)
VI  - 118
IP  - 29
DP  - 2014 Jul 24
TI  - Perspectives on the Growth of High Edge Density Carbon Nanostructures: 
      Transitions from Vertically Oriented Graphene Nanosheets to Graphenated Carbon 
      Nanotubes.
PG  - 16126-16132
AB  - Insights into the growth of high edge density carbon nanostructures were achieved 
      by a systematic parametric study of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition 
      (PECVD). Such structures are important for electrode performance in a variety of 
      applications such as supercapacitors, neural stimulation, and electrocatalysis. A 
      morphological trend was observed as a function of temperature whereby graphenated 
      carbon nanotubes (g-CNTs) emerged as an intermediate structure between carbon 
      nanotubes (CNTs) at lower temperatures and vertically oriented carbon nanosheets 
      (CNS), composed of few-layered graphene, at higher temperatures. This is the 
      first time that three distinct morphologies and dimensionalities of carbon 
      nanostructures (i.e., 1D CNTs, 2D CNSs, and 3D g-CNTs) have been synthesized in 
      the same reaction chamber by varying only a single parameter (temperature). A 
      design of experiments (DOE) approach was utilized to understand the range of 
      growth permitted in a microwave PECVD reactor, with a focus on identifying 
      graphenated carbon nanotube growth within the process space. Factors studied in 
      the experimental design included temperature, gas ratio, catalyst thickness, 
      pretreatment time, and deposition time. This procedure facilitates predicting and 
      modeling high edge density carbon nanostructure characteristics under a complete 
      range of growth conditions that yields various morphologies of nanoscale carbon. 
      Aside from the morphological trends influenced by temperature, a relationship 
      between deposition temperature and specific capacitance emerged from the DOE 
      study. Transmission electron microscopy was also used to understand the 
      morphology and microstructure of the various high edge density structures. From 
      these results, a new graphene foliate formation mechanism is proposed for 
      synthesis of g-CNTs in a single deposition process.
FAU - Ubnoske, Stephen M
AU  - Ubnoske SM
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Pratt School of 
      Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States.
FAU - Raut, Akshay S
AU  - Raut AS
AD  - Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, 
      Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States.
FAU - Brown, Billyde
AU  - Brown B
AD  - Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, 
      Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States.
FAU - Parker, Charles B
AU  - Parker CB
AD  - Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, 
      Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States.
FAU - Stoner, Brian R
AU  - Stoner BR
AD  - Discovery-Science-Technology Division, RTI International , Durham, North Carolina 
      27709, United States.
FAU - Glass, Jeffrey T
AU  - Glass JT
AD  - Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, 
      Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States.
LA  - eng
GR  - R21 NS070033/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20140626
PL  - United States
TA  - J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces
JT  - The journal of physical chemistry. C, Nanomaterials and interfaces
JID - 101299949
PMC - PMC4111401
EDAT- 2014/08/05 06:00
MHDA- 2014/08/05 06:01
PMCR- 2015/06/26
CRDT- 2014/08/05 06:00
PHST- 2014/03/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/06/09 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2014/08/05 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/08/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/08/05 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2015/06/26 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1021/jp502317u [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interfaces. 2014 Jul 24;118(29):16126-16132. doi: 
      10.1021/jp502317u. Epub 2014 Jun 26.