PMID- 25101194
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140807
LR  - 20220409
IS  - 2090-908X (Print)
IS  - 2090-908X (Electronic)
IS  - 2090-908X (Linking)
VI  - 2014
DP  - 2014
TI  - Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Actions of Vitamin D in Combating TB/HIV.
PG  - 903680
LID - 10.1155/2014/903680 [doi]
LID - 903680
AB  - TUBERCULOSIS (TB) DISEASE ACTIVATION IS NOW BELIEVED TO ARISE DUE TO A LACK OF 
      INFLAMMATORY HOMEOSTATIC CONTROL AT EITHER END OF THE SPECTRUM OF INFLAMMATION: 
      either due to immunosuppression (decreased antimicrobial activity) or due to 
      immune activation (excess/aberrant inflammation). Vitamin D metabolites can 
      increase antimicrobial activity in innate immune cells, which, in the context of 
      HIV-1 coinfection, have insufficient T cell-mediated help to combat Mycobacterium 
      tuberculosis (MTB) infection. Moreover, maintaining vitamin D sufficiency prior 
      to MTB infection enhances the innate antimicrobial response to T cell-mediated 
      interferon-gamma. Conversely, vitamin D can act to inhibit expression and secretion 
      of a broad range of inflammatory mediators and matrix degrading enzymes driving 
      immunopathology during active TB and antiretroviral- (ARV-) mediated immune 
      reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). Adjunct vitamin D therapy during 
      treatment of active TB may therefore reduce lung pathology and TB morbidity, 
      accelerate resolution of cavitation and thereby decrease the chance of 
      transmission, improve lung function following therapy, prevent relapse, and 
      prevent IRIS in those initiating ARVs. Future clinical trials of vitamin D for TB 
      prevention and treatment must be designed to detect the most appropriate primary 
      endpoint, which in some cases should be anti-inflammatory and not antimicrobial.
FAU - Coussens, Anna K
AU  - Coussens AK
AD  - Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative, University of Cape Town, 
      Observatory, Western Cape 7925, South Africa.
FAU - Martineau, Adrian R
AU  - Martineau AR
AD  - Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University 
      of London, London E1 2AB, UK.
FAU - Wilkinson, Robert J
AU  - Wilkinson RJ
AD  - Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative, University of Cape Town, 
      Observatory, Western Cape 7925, South Africa ; MRC National Institute for Medical 
      Research, UK Medical Research Council, London NW7 1AA, UK ; Department of 
      Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK.
LA  - eng
GR  - Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
GR  - 084323/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
GR  - 088316/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
GR  - MC_U117588499/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20140702
PL  - Egypt
TA  - Scientifica (Cairo)
JT  - Scientifica
JID - 101589932
PMC - PMC4102066
EDAT- 2014/08/08 06:00
MHDA- 2014/08/08 06:01
PMCR- 2014/01/01
CRDT- 2014/08/08 06:00
PHST- 2014/04/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/04/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/08/08 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/08/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/08/08 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2014/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1155/2014/903680 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Scientifica (Cairo). 2014;2014:903680. doi: 10.1155/2014/903680. Epub 2014 Jul 2.