PMID- 25108491
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20141208
LR  - 20221207
IS  - 1873-6424 (Electronic)
IS  - 0269-7491 (Linking)
VI  - 194
DP  - 2014 Nov
TI  - Occurrence and removal of drugs of abuse in Wastewater Treatment Plants of 
      Valencia (Spain).
PG  - 152-162
LID - S0269-7491(14)00311-X [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.07.019 [doi]
AB  - The occurrence of 8 drugs of abuse and metabolites in the influent and effluent 
      of the 3 Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP) that treat wastewater from Valencia 
      was studied in 2011, 2012 and 2013. Target drugs except 6-monoacetylmorphine 
      (6-ACMOR) were detected in 100% of the influents. The WWTPs eliminate cocaine 
      (COC), amphetamine (AMP), methamphetamine (MAMP) and 
      11-nor-9-carboxy-Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH). Benzoylecgonine (BECG) was 
      also efficiently eliminated (93-98%), whereas 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine 
      (MDMA) presented removal rates of 32-57% and ketamine (KET) was not eliminated. 
      The most consumed illicit drugs, according to the estimated concentrations of 
      each compound in the studied WWTPs, were cannabis and COC followed by KET, AMP, 
      MAMP, MDMA and heroin. Environmental risk assessment was evaluated by calculating 
      Risk Quotient (RQ). MDMA and KET could pose a medium risk and low risk, 
      respectively, to the aquatic organisms. Although short-term environmental risk is 
      not worrisome, long-term effects cannot be known exactly.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Andres-Costa, Maria Jesus
AU  - Andres-Costa MJ
AD  - Food and Environmental Safety Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of 
      Valencia, Av. Vicent Andres Estelles, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain. 
      Electronic address: M.Jesus.Andres@uv.es.
FAU - Rubio-Lopez, Nuria
AU  - Rubio-Lopez N
AD  - Unit of Public Health and Environmental Care, Department of Preventive Medicine, 
      University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
FAU - Morales Suarez-Varela, Maria
AU  - Morales Suarez-Varela M
AD  - Unit of Public Health and Environmental Care, Department of Preventive Medicine, 
      University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
FAU - Pico, Yolanda
AU  - Pico Y
AD  - Food and Environmental Safety Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of 
      Valencia, Av. Vicent Andres Estelles, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20140808
PL  - England
TA  - Environ Pollut
JT  - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
JID - 8804476
RN  - 0 (Illicit Drugs)
RN  - 0 (Waste Water)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Illicit Drugs/*analysis
MH  - Spain
MH  - Waste Disposal, Fluid/*methods
MH  - Wastewater/*chemistry
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/*analysis
MH  - Water Pollution, Chemical/*statistics & numerical data
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Drug consumption
OT  - Drugs of abuse
OT  - Removal rates
OT  - Risk assessment
OT  - Wastewater
EDAT- 2014/08/12 06:00
MHDA- 2014/12/15 06:00
CRDT- 2014/08/11 06:00
PHST- 2014/04/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/07/07 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2014/07/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/08/11 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/08/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/12/15 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0269-7491(14)00311-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.07.019 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Pollut. 2014 Nov;194:152-162. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.07.019. Epub 
      2014 Aug 8.