PMID- 25110952
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150417
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 8
DP  - 2014
TI  - The effect of double--blind carbohydrate ingestion during 60 km of self-paced 
      exercise in warm ambient conditions.
PG  - e104710
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0104710 [doi]
LID - e104710
AB  - This study evaluated double blind ingestions of placebo (PLA) versus 6% 
      carbohydrate (CHO) either as capsules (c) or beverage (b) during 60 km self-paced 
      cycling in the heat (32 degrees C and 50% relative humidity). Ten well-trained males 
      (mean +/- SD: 26+/-3 years; 64.5+/-7.7 kg and 70.7+/-8.8 ml.kg-1.min-1 maximal oxygen 
      consumption) completed four separate 60 km time trials (TT) punctuated by 1 km 
      sprints (14, 29, 44, 59 km) whilst ingesting either PLAb or PLAc or CHOb or CHOc. 
      The TT was not different among treatments (PLAb 130.2+/-11.2 min, CHOb 140.5+/-18.1 
      min, PLAc 143.1+/-29.2 min, CHOc 137.3+/-20.1 min; P>0.05). Effect size (Cohen's d) 
      for time was only moderate when comparing CHOb - PLAb (d = 0.68) and PLAb - PLAc 
      (d = 0.57) whereas all other ES were 'trivial' to 'small'. Mean speed throughout 
      the trial was significantly higher for PLAb only (P<0.05). Power output was only 
      different (P<0.05) between the sprints and low intensity efforts within and 
      across conditions. Core and mean skin temperatures were similar among trials. We 
      conclude that CHO ingestion is of little or no benefit as a beverage compared 
      with placebo during 60 km TT in the heat.
FAU - Nassif, Camila
AU  - Nassif C
AD  - School of Human Movement Studies, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South 
      Wales, Australia.
FAU - Gomes, Aline Regina
AU  - Gomes AR
AD  - School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal 
      University of Minas Gerais, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
FAU - Peixoto, Gustavo H C
AU  - Peixoto GH
AD  - School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal 
      University of Minas Gerais, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
FAU - Chagas, Mauro Heleno
AU  - Chagas MH
AD  - School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal 
      University of Minas Gerais, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
FAU - Soares, Danusa Dias
AU  - Soares DD
AD  - School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal 
      University of Minas Gerais, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
FAU - Silami-Garcia, Emerson
AU  - Silami-Garcia E
AD  - School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal 
      University of Minas Gerais, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
FAU - Drinkwater, Eric J
AU  - Drinkwater EJ
AD  - School of Human Movement Studies, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South 
      Wales, Australia.
FAU - Cannon, Jack
AU  - Cannon J
AD  - School of Human Movement Studies, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South 
      Wales, Australia.
FAU - Marino, Frank E
AU  - Marino FE
AD  - School of Human Movement Studies, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South 
      Wales, Australia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20140811
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates)
RN  - 059QF0KO0R (Water)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Beverages/analysis
MH  - Dietary Carbohydrates/*pharmacology
MH  - Double-Blind Method
MH  - *Eating
MH  - Electromyography
MH  - Exercise/*physiology
MH  - Heart Rate/drug effects
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Physical Endurance/drug effects
MH  - Physical Exertion/drug effects
MH  - *Temperature
MH  - Water/metabolism
PMC - PMC4128743
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2014/08/12 06:00
MHDA- 2015/04/18 06:00
PMCR- 2014/08/11
CRDT- 2014/08/12 06:00
PHST- 2014/02/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/07/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/08/12 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/08/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/04/18 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2014/08/11 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-14-08200 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0104710 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2014 Aug 11;9(8):e104710. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104710. 
      eCollection 2014.