PMID- 25113200 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20141028 LR - 20161125 IS - 1879-1298 (Electronic) IS - 0045-6535 (Linking) VI - 114 DP - 2014 Nov TI - Fish consumption as a source of human exposure to perfluorinated alkyl substances in Italy: analysis of two edible fish from Lake Maggiore. PG - 181-6 LID - S0045-6535(14)00595-5 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.085 [doi] AB - Extensive screening analyses of perfluorooctane sulfonate and related perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in biota samples from all over the world have identified PFCs as global pollutants and have shown their bioaccumulation into higher trophic levels in the food chain. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are environmental contaminants belonging to a chemical group known as perfluorinated compounds. PFOS and PFOA are very persistent in the environment and bioaccumulate in humans. They are potential reproductive and developmental toxicants and are considered to be emerging endocrine disrupters. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) considers both compounds to be carcinogenic and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) recently pointed out that they are associated with adverse health effects. Diet is considered the main source of exposure to PFCs, which have been found more frequently in fish and other seafood, compared to other food groups. In fact, aquatic ecosystems represent the final reservoir for PFCs due to their great affinity for sedimentary and living organic matter. In these systems, measured levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) could increase along the trophic web, ultimately affecting humans that consume aquatic species. In this study, PFOS and PFOA was detected by LC-MS/MS in muscle samples of Coregonus lavaretus (European whitefish) and Perca fluviatilis (European perch) collected from Lake Maggiore, a large lake located on the south side of the Italian Alps. PFOA was not found in any of the investigated samples above the limit of quantitation of 0.50 ng g(-1) fresh weight (fw), whereas PFOS was detected in all 90 samples with concentrations of up to 46.0 ng g(-1)fw. Mean concentrations were 22.2 ng g(-1)fw in P. fluviatilis and 20.0 ng g(-1)fw in C.lavaretus. Comparison of our results with literature data on PFOS intake suggested that fish from Lake Maggiore may be a significant source of dietary PFOS exposure, even if the reported values were lower than the Total Daily Intake (TDI) proposed by EFSA. CI - Copyright (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Squadrone, S AU - Squadrone S AD - Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy. Electronic address: stefania.squadrone@izsto.it. FAU - Ciccotelli, V AU - Ciccotelli V AD - Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy. FAU - Favaro, L AU - Favaro L AD - Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy. FAU - Scanzio, T AU - Scanzio T AD - Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy. FAU - Prearo, M AU - Prearo M AD - Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy. FAU - Abete, M C AU - Abete MC AD - Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20140517 PL - England TA - Chemosphere JT - Chemosphere JID - 0320657 RN - 0 (Alkanesulfonic Acids) RN - 0 (Caprylates) RN - 0 (Fluorocarbons) RN - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical) RN - 947VD76D3L (perfluorooctanoic acid) RN - 9H2MAI21CL (perfluorooctane sulfonic acid) SB - IM MH - Alkanesulfonic Acids/*analysis/metabolism MH - Animals MH - Caprylates/*analysis/metabolism MH - Diet MH - Fluorocarbons/*analysis/metabolism MH - Food Chain MH - Humans MH - Italy MH - Lakes/analysis MH - Muscles/chemistry/metabolism MH - Perches/*metabolism MH - Salmonidae/*metabolism MH - Seafood/*analysis MH - Tandem Mass Spectrometry MH - United States MH - Water Pollutants, Chemical/*analysis/metabolism OTO - NOTNLM OT - Fish OT - Lake Maggiore OT - Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) OT - PFOS EDAT- 2014/08/13 06:00 MHDA- 2014/10/29 06:00 CRDT- 2014/08/13 06:00 PHST- 2014/02/16 00:00 [received] PHST- 2014/04/16 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2014/04/20 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2014/08/13 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2014/08/13 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/10/29 06:00 [medline] AID - S0045-6535(14)00595-5 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.085 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Chemosphere. 2014 Nov;114:181-6. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.085. Epub 2014 May 17.