PMID- 25122044
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150918
LR  - 20141017
IS  - 1461-7285 (Electronic)
IS  - 0269-8811 (Linking)
VI  - 28
IP  - 11
DP  - 2014 Nov
TI  - Effects of ecstasy on cooperative behaviour and perception of trustworthiness: a 
      naturalistic study.
PG  - 1001-8
LID - 10.1177/0269881114544775 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Acute recreational use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; 
      'ecstasy') can promote pro-social effects which may alter interpersonal 
      perceptions. AIMS: To explore such effects, this study investigated whether acute 
      recreational use of ecstasy was associated with changes in individual perception 
      of trustworthiness of people's faces and co-operative behaviours. METHOD: An 
      independent group, repeated measures design was used in which 17 ecstasy users 
      were tested on the night of drug use (day 0) and again three days later (day 3); 
      22 controls were tested on parallel days. On each day, participants rated the 
      trustworthiness of 66 faces, carried out three co-operative behaviour tasks 
      (public good; dictator; ultimatum game) and completed mood self-ratings. RESULTS: 
      Acute ecstasy use was associated with increased face trustworthiness ratings and 
      increased cooperative behaviour on the dictator and ultimatum games; on day 3 
      there were no group differences on any task. Self-ratings showed the standard 
      acute ecstasy effects (euphoria, energy, jaw clenching) with negative effects 
      (less empathy, compassion, more distrust, hostility) emerging on day 3. 
      CONCLUSIONS: Our findings of increased perceived trustworthiness and co-operative 
      behaviours following use of ecstasy suggest that a single dose of the drug 
      enhances aspects of empathy. This may in turn contribute to its popularity as a 
      recreational drug and potentially to its enhancement of the therapeutic alliance 
      in psychotherapy.
CI  - (c) The Author(s) 2014.
FAU - Stewart, L H
AU  - Stewart LH
AD  - Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, London, UK.
FAU - Ferguson, B
AU  - Ferguson B
AD  - Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, London, UK.
FAU - Morgan, C J A
AU  - Morgan CJ
AD  - Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, London, UK.
FAU - Swaboda, N
AU  - Swaboda N
AD  - Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, London, UK.
FAU - Jones, L
AU  - Jones L
AD  - Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, London, UK.
FAU - Fenton, R
AU  - Fenton R
AD  - Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, London, UK.
FAU - Wall, M B
AU  - Wall MB
AD  - Imanova Centre for Imaging Sciences, London, UK Division of Brain Sciences, 
      Imperial College London, London, UK.
FAU - Curran, H V
AU  - Curran HV
AD  - Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, London, UK 
      v.curran@ucl.ac.uk.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Observational Study
DEP - 20140813
PL  - United States
TA  - J Psychopharmacol
JT  - Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)
JID - 8907828
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Affect/drug effects
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - *Cooperative Behavior
MH  - Facial Expression
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/*pharmacology
MH  - *Social Perception
MH  - Trust/*psychology
MH  - Young Adult
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine
OT  - Co-operation
OT  - acute
OT  - ecstasy
OT  - pro-social
OT  - psychological therapy
OT  - sub-acute
OT  - trust
EDAT- 2014/08/15 06:00
MHDA- 2015/09/19 06:00
CRDT- 2014/08/15 06:00
PHST- 2014/08/15 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/08/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/09/19 06:00 [medline]
AID - 0269881114544775 [pii]
AID - 10.1177/0269881114544775 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Psychopharmacol. 2014 Nov;28(11):1001-8. doi: 10.1177/0269881114544775. Epub 
      2014 Aug 13.