PMID- 25127444
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150623
LR  - 20171008
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 497-498
DP  - 2014 Nov 1
TI  - Socioeconomic development as a determinant of the levels of organochlorine 
      pesticides and PCBs in the inhabitants of Western and Central African countries.
PG  - 97-105
LID - S0048-9697(14)01161-9 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.07.124 [doi]
AB  - Several studies of environmental samples indicate that the levels of many 
      persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are increasing in Africa, but few studies 
      have been conducted in humans. Simultaneously, many African countries are 
      experiencing a rapid economic growth and implementing information and 
      communication technologies (ICT). These changes have generated high amounts of 
      electronic waste (e-waste) that have not been adequately managed. We tested the 
      hypothesis that the current levels of two main classes of POPs in Western and 
      Central African countries are affected by the degree of socioeconomic 
      development. We measured the levels of 36 POPs in the serum of recent immigrants 
      (N=575) who came from 19 Sub-Saharan countries to the Canary Islands (Spain). We 
      performed statistical analyses on their anthropometric and socioeconomic data. 
      High median levels of POPs were found in the overall sample, with differences 
      among the countries. Organochlorine pesticide (OCP) and polychlorinated biphenyl 
      (PCB) levels increased with age. People from low-income countries had 
      significantly higher OCP levels and much lower PCB levels than those from 
      high-income countries. We found a significant association between the 
      implementation of ICT and PCB contamination. Immigrants from the countries with a 
      high volume of imports of second-hand electronic equipment had higher PCB levels. 
      The economic development of Africa and the e-waste generation have directly 
      affected the levels of POPs. The POP legacies of these African populations most 
      likely are due to the inappropriate management of the POPs' residues.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Luzardo, Octavio P
AU  - Luzardo OP
AD  - Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de 
      Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. Electronic address: 
      operez@dcc.ulpgc.es.
FAU - Boada, Luis D
AU  - Boada LD
AD  - Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de 
      Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
FAU - Carranza, Cristina
AU  - Carranza C
AD  - Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Unit, Hospital Universitario Insular de 
      Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Medical Sciences and Surgery 
      Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran 
      Canaria, Spain.
FAU - Ruiz-Suarez, Norberto
AU  - Ruiz-Suarez N
AD  - Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de 
      Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
FAU - Henriquez-Hernandez, Luis Alberto
AU  - Henriquez-Hernandez LA
AD  - Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de 
      Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
FAU - Valeron, Pilar F
AU  - Valeron PF
AD  - Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de 
      Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
FAU - Zumbado, Manuel
AU  - Zumbado M
AD  - Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de 
      Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
FAU - Camacho, Maria
AU  - Camacho M
AD  - Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de 
      Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
FAU - Arellano, Jose Luis Perez
AU  - Arellano JLP
AD  - Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Unit, Hospital Universitario Insular de 
      Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Medical Sciences and Surgery 
      Department, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran 
      Canaria, Spain.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20140813
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated)
RN  - 0 (Pesticides)
RN  - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
SB  - IM
MH  - Africa
MH  - Environmental Exposure/*analysis/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Environmental Pollutants/*metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/*metabolism
MH  - Pesticides/*metabolism
MH  - Polychlorinated Biphenyls/metabolism
MH  - Socioeconomic Factors
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Africa
OT  - Organochlorine pesticides
OT  - Persistent organic pollutants
OT  - Polychlorinated biphenyls
OT  - Socioeconomic
OT  - e-waste
EDAT- 2014/08/16 06:00
MHDA- 2015/06/24 06:00
CRDT- 2014/08/16 06:00
PHST- 2014/06/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/07/31 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2014/07/31 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/08/16 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/08/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/06/24 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0048-9697(14)01161-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.07.124 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2014 Nov 1;497-498:97-105. doi: 
      10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.07.124. Epub 2014 Aug 13.