PMID- 25129155
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150623
LR  - 20171008
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 497-498
DP  - 2014 Nov 1
TI  - Atmospheric pollutants in fog and rain events at the northwestern mountains of 
      the Iberian Peninsula.
PG  - 188-199
LID - S0048-9697(14)01130-9 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.07.093 [doi]
AB  - Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls 
      (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and exist in gas and particle 
      phases, as well as dissolved or suspended in precipitation (fog or rain). While 
      the hydrosphere is the main reservoir for PAHs, the atmosphere serves as the 
      primary route for global transport of PCBs. In this study, fog and rain samples 
      were collected during fourteen events from September 2011 to April 2012 in the 
      Xistral Mountains, a remote range in the NW Iberian Peninsula. PAH compounds 
      [especially of low molecular weight (LMW)] were universally found, but mainly in 
      the fog-water samples. The total PAH concentration in fog-water ranged from 
      non-detected to 216 ng.L(-1) (mean of 45 ng.L(-1)), and was much higher in fall 
      than in winter. Total PAH levels in the rain and fog events varied from 
      non-detected to 1272 and 33 ng.L(-1) for, respectively, LMW and high molecular 
      weight (HMW) PAHs. Diagnostic ratio analysis (LMW PAHs/HMW PAHs) suggested that 
      petroleum combustion was the dominant contributor to PAHs in the area. Total PCB 
      levels in the rain and fog events varied from non-detected to 305 and 91 ng.L(-1) 
      for, respectively, PCBs with 2-3 Cl atoms and 5-10 Cl atoms. PCBs, especially 
      those with 5-10 Cl atoms, were found linked to rain events. The occurrence of the 
      most volatile PCBs, PCBs with 2-3 Cl atoms, is related to wind transport from far 
      away sources, whereas the occurrence of PCBs with 5-10 Cl atoms seems to be 
      related with the increase of its deposition during rainfall at the end of summer 
      and fall. The movement of this fraction of PCBs is facilitated by its binding to 
      air-suspended particles, whose concentrations usually show an increase as the 
      result of a prolonged period of drought in summer.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Fernandez-Gonzalez, Ricardo
AU  - Fernandez-Gonzalez R
AD  - Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, 
      Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, 
      E32004 Ourense, Spain.
FAU - Yebra-Pimentel, Iria
AU  - Yebra-Pimentel I
AD  - Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, 
      Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, 
      E32004 Ourense, Spain.
FAU - Martinez-Carballo, Elena
AU  - Martinez-Carballo E
AD  - Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, 
      Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, 
      E32004 Ourense, Spain.
FAU - Simal-Gandara, Jesus
AU  - Simal-Gandara J
AD  - Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, 
      Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, 
      E32004 Ourense, Spain. Electronic address: jsimal@uvigo.es.
FAU - Pontevedra-Pombal, Xabier
AU  - Pontevedra-Pombal X
AD  - Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Department, Faculty of Biology, 
      University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago Campus, E15782 Santiago de 
      Compostela, Spain. Electronic address: xabier.pombal@usc.es.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20140814
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - 0 (Air Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
SB  - IM
MH  - Air Pollutants/*analysis
MH  - Atmosphere
MH  - *Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis
MH  - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysis
MH  - Rain/chemistry
MH  - Spain
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
MH  - Weather
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Atmospheric pollution
OT  - Fog
OT  - Grasshopper effect
OT  - PAHs
OT  - PCBs
OT  - Rain
EDAT- 2014/08/19 06:00
MHDA- 2015/06/24 06:00
CRDT- 2014/08/18 06:00
PHST- 2014/05/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/07/09 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2014/07/24 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/08/18 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/08/19 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/06/24 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0048-9697(14)01130-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.07.093 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2014 Nov 1;497-498:188-199. doi: 
      10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.07.093. Epub 2014 Aug 14.