PMID- 25150971
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150914
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1879-1298 (Electronic)
IS  - 0045-6535 (Linking)
VI  - 119
DP  - 2015 Jan
TI  - Hydrothermal carbonization of poly(vinyl chloride).
PG  - 682-689
LID - S0045-6535(14)00921-7 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.07.058 [doi]
AB  - Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was subjected to hydrothermal carbonization in 
      subcritical water at 180-260  degrees C. Dehydrochlorination increased with increasing 
      reaction temperature. The release of chlorine was almost quantitative above  approximately 235 
       degrees C. The fraction of organic carbon (OC) recovered in the hydrochar decreased with 
      increasing operating temperature from 93% at 180  degrees C to 75% at 250  degrees C. A wide 
      array of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) could be detected in the aqueous 
      phase, but their combined concentration amounted to only  approximately 140 mug g(-1) 
      PVC-substrate at 240  degrees C. A pathway for the formation of cyclic hydrocarbons and 
      O-functionalized organics was proposed. Chlorinated hydrocarbons including 
      chlorophenols could only be identified at trace levels (low ppb). Polychlorinated 
      dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) could not be detected. The 
      sorption potential of the hydrochar turned out to be very low, in particular for 
      polar organic pollutants. Our results provide strong evidence that hydrothermal 
      carbonization of household organic wastes which can be tied to co-discarded 
      PVC-plastic residues is environmentally sound regarding the formation of toxic 
      organic products. Following these findings, hydrothermal treatment of PVC-waste 
      beyond operating temperatures of  approximately 235  degrees C to allow complete release of organic 
      chlorine should be further pursued.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Poerschmann, J
AU  - Poerschmann J
AD  - UFZ-Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, Department of Environmental 
      Engineering, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. Electronic address: 
      juergen.poerschmann@ufz.de.
FAU - Weiner, B
AU  - Weiner B
AD  - UFZ-Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, Department of Environmental 
      Engineering, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
FAU - Woszidlo, S
AU  - Woszidlo S
AD  - UFZ-Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, Department of Environmental 
      Engineering, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
FAU - Koehler, R
AU  - Koehler R
AD  - UFZ-Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, Department of Environmental 
      Engineering, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
FAU - Kopinke, F-D
AU  - Kopinke FD
AD  - UFZ-Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, Department of Environmental 
      Engineering, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20140824
PL  - England
TA  - Chemosphere
JT  - Chemosphere
JID - 0320657
RN  - 0 (Dioxins)
RN  - 0 (Furans)
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated)
RN  - 0 (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - 0 (biochar)
RN  - 16291-96-6 (Charcoal)
RN  - 4R7X1O2820 (Chlorine)
RN  - 9002-86-2 (Polyvinyl Chloride)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adsorption
MH  - Charcoal
MH  - Chlorine/chemistry
MH  - Dioxins/analysis
MH  - Furans/analysis
MH  - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/analysis/chemistry
MH  - *Incineration
MH  - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysis/chemistry
MH  - Polyvinyl Chloride/*chemistry
MH  - Solid Phase Microextraction
MH  - Temperature
MH  - Waste Disposal, Fluid/*methods
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/*analysis/*chemistry
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Dehydrochlorination
OT  - Hydrothermal carbonization
OT  - Poly(vinyl chloride)
OT  - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
EDAT- 2014/08/26 06:00
MHDA- 2015/09/15 06:00
CRDT- 2014/08/25 06:00
PHST- 2014/02/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/06/30 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2014/07/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/08/25 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/08/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/09/15 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0045-6535(14)00921-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.07.058 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Chemosphere. 2015 Jan;119:682-689. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.07.058. Epub 
      2014 Aug 24.