PMID- 25164495
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150903
LR  - 20220316
IS  - 1525-5069 (Electronic)
IS  - 1525-5050 (Linking)
VI  - 41
DP  - 2014 Dec
TI  - Atherosclerosis in epilepsy: its causes and implications.
PG  - 290-6
LID - S1525-5050(14)00256-X [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.07.003 [doi]
AB  - Evidence from epidemiological, longitudinal, prospective, double-blinded clinical 
      trials as well as case reports documents age-accelerated atherosclerosis with 
      increased carotid artery intima media thickness (CA-IMT) in patients with 
      epilepsy. These findings raise concern regarding their implications for 
      age-accelerated cognitive and behavioral changes in midlife and risk of later 
      age-related cognitive disorders including neurodegenerative processes such as 
      Alzheimer's disease (AD). Chronic epilepsy, cerebral atherosclerosis, and 
      age-related cognitive disorders including AD share many clinical manifestations 
      (e.g. characteristic cognitive deficits), risk factors, and structural and 
      pathological brain abnormalities. These shared risk factors include increased 
      CA-IMT, hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), lipid abnormalities, weight gain and 
      obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and high levels of inflammatory and oxidative 
      stresses. The resulting brain structural and pathological abnormalities include 
      decreased volume of the hippocampus, increased cortical thinning of the frontal 
      lobe, ventricular expansion and increased white matter ischemic disease, total 
      brain atrophy, and beta-amyloid protein deposition in the brain. The knowledge that 
      age-accelerated atherosclerosis may contribute to age-accelerated cognitive and 
      behavioral abnormalities and structural brain pathologies in patients with 
      chronic epilepsy represents an important research path to pursue future clinical 
      and management considerations.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Hamed, Sherifa A
AU  - Hamed SA
AD  - Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, 
      Egypt. Electronic address: hamed_sherifa@yahoo.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20140820
PL  - United States
TA  - Epilepsy Behav
JT  - Epilepsy & behavior : E&B
JID - 100892858
SB  - IM
MH  - Atherosclerosis/epidemiology/*etiology
MH  - Cognition Disorders/epidemiology/*etiology
MH  - *Comorbidity
MH  - Epilepsy/epidemiology/*etiology
MH  - Humans
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Age-accelerated atherosclerosis
OT  - Antiepileptic drugs
OT  - Behavior
OT  - Carotid intima media thickness
OT  - Cognition
OT  - Comorbidities
OT  - Dementia
OT  - Epilepsy
OT  - Stroke
EDAT- 2014/08/29 06:00
MHDA- 2015/09/04 06:00
CRDT- 2014/08/29 06:00
PHST- 2013/12/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2014/07/03 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2014/07/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2014/08/29 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2014/08/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/09/04 06:00 [medline]
AID - S1525-5050(14)00256-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.07.003 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Epilepsy Behav. 2014 Dec;41:290-6. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.07.003. Epub 2014 
      Aug 20.